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Last updated 12/25/05
C. ETIQ. MOM.: (Greek)
Corpus des Etiquettes de Momies Grecques.
See also DUKE.
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0003
C. EPIST. LAT.: (Latin)
=Corpus Epistolarum Latinarum, papyris tabulis ostracis servatarum
See also DUKE; PERSEUS.
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0002
C. ILLUM. PAP. I: (Greek)
=Illuminierte Papyri, Pergamente und Papiere.
See also DUKE.
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0004
C.JUD.SYR.EG.: (Greek)
=The Judaean-Syrian-Egyptian Conflict of 102-101 B.C.: a multilingual dossier concerning a "War of Sceptres". (Greek)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0005
C. PAP. GR.: (Greek)
=Corpus Papyrorum Graecarum.
See also DUKE; TEBTUNIS.
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0006
CAIRO: (Egyptian Museum) papyri and ostraca and stelae
See CG for catalog entries at the Museum.
http://www.tourism.egnet.net/attractions_detail.asp?code=6
(as per Y. Koenig) Seek Caire 86637, an AE Calendar.
[B_066,rvw] CATNYP# *OBKQ+ 75-1648, "The Cairo calendar no. 86637, by Abd el-Mohsen Bakir."
Cairo, 1966. Includes images, transcription
and translation.
(as per Petra Habiger) Setne I is preserved in C.M. Papyrus no. 30646.
(as per D. Meeks) Stele Caire (CG 50044) is trilingual.
Seek CG 30789, demotic papyrus.
CG 30813 is demotic and relates to the
Cult of Thoth.
(as per E.A. Budge) See Cairo P. of Mes-em-neter; BOTD.
See Naville, “Todtenbuch”.
(as per E.
G. Turner) Pursue Greek papyri at C.M.
1. P. Cair. = “Greek
Papyri, CGC, X, Nos. 10001-869,
by B.P. Grenfell and A.S. Hunt, Oxford, 1903.
2. P. Cairo Goodspeed
= “Greek Papyri from the Cairo Museum”, ed. E.J. Goodspeed, Chicago, 1902.
4. P. Cair. Masp. =
CGC, “papyrus grecs d’epoque byzantine” ed. J.
Maspero, Cairo, 1911-1916, 3 volumes.
5. P. Cairo. Preis.
= “Greichische Urkunden des Agyptischen Museums zu Kairo”, ed. F. Preisigke,
Strassburg, 1911.
6. P. Cairo Zen. = CGC, “Zenon Papyri”, ed. C.C. Edgar, 1925-31,
4 volumes.
[B_180a,8.5,IMG,
v. 1] CATNYP# *OBQ+ 73-2731 t. 82, “Hommages
Serge Sauneron, Cairo, 1979, v. 1.
See work by Dimitri Meeks, “Une fondation
Memphite de Taharqa”, (Stele du Caire JE [Journal Entry?] 36861).
C.M. acquired this in 1904.
[B_180b,
v. 2]
See volume
two, mention of P. Cairo Zen. 59245,
dated to
(23 Fevrier 252 a. C.).
AKA Kairo and Le Caire.
http://www.pr.mq.edu.au/events/index.asp?ItemID=38
[The Centennial Anniversary; 2002]
of the Egyptian Museum
Tahrir Square, Cairo, Egypt (tel/fax:
202-579-4596)
Dr. Mamdouh Eldamaty
Director General
Egyptian Museum
O. Cair. 1: (Greek ~150 bce)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0018
P.Cair.Goodsp.: Greek Papyri from the Cairo Museum
P.Cair.Goodsp. 3.= Chr.Wilck. 50
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Chr%2eWilck%2e+50
P.Cair.Isid.: The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus in the Egyptian
Museum, Cairo, and the University of Michigan
P.Cair.Isid. 1. Edict of Aristios Optatos: (Greek; AD 127; from KARANIS)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0088
P.Cair.Masp.: Papyrus grecs d'époque byzantine, Catalogue
général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire
P.Cair.Masp. 1.67001. Contract: (Greek; AD 514; from Aphrodito, Aphroditopolis)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0089
P.Cair.Mich.: A Tax List from Karanis (P.Cair.Mich. 359)
(Greek; AD 175; KARANIS)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0090
(math content; typically charges are multiples of 4 drachma)
P.Cair.Preis.: Griechische Urkunden des Aegyptischen Museums zu Kairo
P.Cair.Preis. 1. Record of proceedings; (Greek; 148+AD; Arsinoite)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0091
P.Cair.Zen.: Zenon Papyri, Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire
P.Cair.Zen. 1.59001. Loan of money [34 Drachmai]: (Greek; 273 bce; from Phil<Memphite)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0092
Bobcat# PA3303.C13 G8
“Greek papyri from the CAIRO Museum, together with papyri of Roman Egypt from American collections by Edgar J. Goodspeed / Instructor in Biblical and Patristic Greek.”
Chicago, University Press, 1902.
[printed from Volume 5]
Includes translations and transcriptions of these papyri:
CAIRO Papyri
1. Odyssey o 216-253 ~200 CE
2. Medical fragment ~200 CE
3. Letter ~300 BCE
4. Letter of Recommendation ~200 BCE
5. Promise to Pay ~200 CE;
from GEBELIEN
6. Deed of Land 129 BCE
from GEBELIEN
7. Official Accounts 119-118 BCE
from FAYUM
8. Loan Contract 111 BCE
Cairo M. # 10366
9. Memorandum of Rent ~100 BCE
10. Memphis Tax Receipt 180 CE
11. Receipt for Shipment of Wine ~400 CE; See SHIPS
12. Certified List of Taxpayers 340 CE
13. Special Warranty Deed 341 CE
14. Contract for Corn Transport 343 CE
Cairo M. # 10265; Possibly from Ashmunen
15. Complaint of Aurelia 362 CE from Ashmunen; Cairo M. # 10269
16. Grain Receipt 158-159 CE from Kom Ushim
17. Grain Receipt 144-145 CE from Kom Ushim
18-24. Grain Receipts 158-159 CE from Kom Ushim
25. Aknwldg Embankment Service 161 CE from Kom Ushim
26. Date 163-164 CE from Kom Ushim
27. Acknowledgement of Payment ~200 CE from Kom Ushim; Westminster College 12.
CHICAGO Papyri
28. Boat Ticket ~200 CE
29. Legal Proceedings ~150 CE
30. Accounts 191-192 CE
See:
[B_341,alt,8.5]
The Journal of Mediterannean Archaeology and Archaeometry,
Volume 2, No. 1, pp. 111-124, copyright MAA, 2002.
Article by Flora Vafea:
“The Mathematics of Pyramid Construction in Ancient
Egypt.”
EMAIL??: fkvafea@gega.net
An interesting article with a suitable bibliography for further
queries.
Refers to Demotic p. CAIRO 89127-30,
89137-43 containing pyramid problems.
Also refers to RMP; MMP; SEKED; CUBIT.
CAIRO: See ZENON
(as per EEF; R.
Bauval; 081704)
Bakir, Abd el-Mohsen. The Cairo Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky Days
(Journal d'Entree, 86637). ASAE
48 (1948): 425-431. Also by same
author, 'The Cairo CALENDAR No. 86637', Cairo 1966
(as per EEF; S.
Gauss; 090304)
It is of Ramesside date.
See also:
Christian Leitz, Tagewählerei (Ägyptologische Abhandlungen 55).
(as per EEF; G.
Passera; 083103)
a: In "KMT, Amarna Letters Vol. 2, Courtier, Confidant, Counselor,
King: The God's Father Ay", page 113, Otto Schaden show a stela from
Giza (Cairo 34187) dated to
Year 3 of King Ay without giving a
translation.
b: The hieroglyph text of this stella is also in G. Daressy Recueil
/ Notes & Remarques, page 123 CVIII with a short comment about a
wife of King AY : Maut-net'emit.
c: Henry Breasted in Ancient Records of Egypt vol 2 page 428 give a
translation of this stella where Mutnezmet is the wife of an Ay's
official <snip>
G. Daressy and H.Breasted texts do not match, <snip>
CALCULATORS:
online
http://www-sci.lib.uci.edu/HSG/RefCalculators.html
CALCULI: (ancient) counting tokens
See UHN: p. 97: OLDEST calculi (symbolic COUNTING TOKENS)
From the 9th to 7th millenium BCE.
Found at:
Beldibi, ANATOLIA
Tepe Asiab, MESOPOTAMIA
Ganj Dara Tepe, IRAN
Khartoum, SUDAN
Jericho, WEST BANK
Abu Hureyra, SYRIA
More recent calculi from the 2nd millenium BCE from:
Tepe Hissan, IRAN
Megiddo, ISRAEL
Nuzi, MESOPOTAMIA
See also TEPE YAHYA
CALENDAR: Always changing but not always for
the better.
Search for CALENDAR throughout
the site.
See ASTRONOMY; METROLOGY
See historical Venus influences
(as per S. Whittet) See 364 day solar year divided into lunar months.
See the Saros cycle (See Hibeh and Paris; 18 years + 11 days).
and the Metonic cycle (19 year cycles).
the Callipic cycle (by Callipus 325
BCE=4 Metonic cycles=27,759 days).
Also the Hipparchic cycle=4 Callipic cycles less one day
See this link (by E. Weisstein):
http://www.treasure-troves.com/astro/LunarCycles.html
(as per the Columbia Encyclopedia):
A synodic period is the length of
time for any non Earth planet to be viewed in the same elongation from Earth.
A planet’s year, or sidereal period,
is the time required for it to complete one full circuit around the sun.
Mercury and Venus are the two inferior
planets.
(Planets with orbits closer to the Sun than Earth.)
The superior planets are Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
When a planet lies on the line drawn
from the earth to the sun, its elongation is 0° and is said to be in conjunction.
When a planet’s elongation is 90°, it is in quadrature. When its elongation
is 180°, it is in opposition.
Venus passes through phases like
those of the moon, varying from a large bright crescent when the planet is
near inferior conjunction (nearest the earth) to a smaller silvery disk when
it is at superior conjunction (farthest from the earth).
Venus revolves around the sun at
a mean distance of c.67 million mi in a nearly circular orbit, and its period
of revolution is about 225 days.
All the planets rotate about their
own axes as they revolve around the sun; their periods of rotation vary from
just under 10 earth hours for Jupiter to 243 earth
days for Venus.
http://www.bartleby.com/65/sy/synodicp.html
(as per E. Weisstein) See his site
below:
Venus passes between the Sun and
Earth 4 times every 243 years.
http://www.treasure-troves.com/astro/EgyptianCalendar.html
(as per N. Brayer; M. Gardner) OK Egyptian Astronomy made note that:
13 (orbital)
periods of Venus ~8 Earth Sidereal years.
As early as 4000 years ago the AE CIVIL calendar was arranged to start the new
year with the helical rising of Sirius.
An AE Great year calendar (see the Mayan Codex) included:
(typically
computed) ~21,550 days.(~59 years).
(2) Sidereal
periods of Saturn?
(5) Sidereal
periods of Jupiter.
(31) Sidereal
periods of Mars.
(59) Earth
Solar years.
(96) Sidereal
periods of Venus.
(245) Sidereal
periods of Mercury.
(769) Sidereal
periods of the Earth’s Moon.
~21,609 days.
See the work by E.C. Krupp, “Egyptian Calendars.”
See also RYLANDS; [B_093].
(as per NASA)
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html
Orbital parameters of Venus.
Sidereal orbit period (days)=224.701
Tropical orbit period (days)=224.695
Synodic period (days)=583.92
Sidereal rotation period (hrs)=-5832.5
Length of day (Earth hrs)=2802.0
I recall, the mean change in sunlit hours (on Earth) daily is ~3 min 56 seconds.
A secondary daily adjustment must be made to compensate for our elliptical orbit.
(as per T. E. Peet) See “Kalendarischen Inschriften” by Dumichen.
(as per S. Katary, [B_100]) See C. W. Goodwin, “Notes on the Calendar-question,”
ZAS 5 (1867) , pp. 57-60.
(as per W. Muss-Arnolt) See J. Oppert in:
Calendrier et dates Egyptiennes (De Rouge): RA X (’64) 81.
Beckerath, J. von. Chronologie des pharaonischens Ägyptens:
Die Zeit bestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v.
Christ. Münchener Ägyptologische Studien 46. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern,
1997.
Depuydt, L. Civil Calendar and Lunar Calendar in Ancient Egypt.
Orientalia Lovaniensa Analecta 77. Leuven: Vitgeverij Peeters en Departement
Oosterse Studies, 1997.
Hornung, E. Untersuchungen zur Chronologie und Geschichte des
Neuen Reiches.
[B_196; See B_074]
Ägyptologische Abhandlungen
2. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1964.
Kitchen, K. A. "The Chronology of Ancient Egypt."
World Archaeology 23/2 (October 1991): 201-208.
Parker, R. "The Calendars and Chronology." Chapter
in The Legacy of Egypt, ed. J. R. Harris, 13-26. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1971.
Parker, R. The Calendars of Egypt. Studies in Ancient Oriental
Civilization 26. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1950.
Parker, R. "Sothic Dates and Calendar 'Adjustment.'"
Revue d'Egyptologie 9 (1952): 101-08.
Parker, R. "The Sothic Dating of the Twelfth and Eighteenth
Dynasties." In Studies in Honor of George R. Hughes. Studies in Ancient
Oriental Civilization 39, pp. 177-190. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1977.
Wente, E. F. and Van Siclen III, C. C. "A Chronology of
the New Kingdom." In Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 39, pp.
217-262. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1977.
http://www.culturediff.org/astroegypto5.htm
http://www.culturediff.org/english/astroegypto5.htm
See Muslim leap year = (Arabic) nasi
See Muslim festival of Nowruz= New Year.
See Jewish New Year=Rosh Hashanah
http://abey.home.mindspring.com/eclipses.htm
(as per M. St. John) NO CATNYP.
[B_HOUSE]
“The Egyptian Calendar,
a work for Eternity.”
Periplus, 1999.
By Dr. A. S. [Anne-Sophie]
Bomhard.
A marvelous text.
See detailed bibliography.
See BUTO.
A.S. Bomhard text on AE Calendar notes:
I wonder if in the 47 [annus
vagus] years from the close of the Sothic Cycle to the close of a Solar Cycle,
did the AE priests note any variance in the equinox? Awareness
of precession is critical to calendar and Pole star considerations.
Comparison of feasts from Hibeh,
I,.27 to Buto Stele [gap analysis]
No reasonable comparisons found!
See BUTO STELE notes at HIBEH; see [B_051].
[an alternate perspective on the NARMER PALETTE]:
http://www.lexiline.com/lexiline/lexi66.htm
See ENUMA ANU ENLIL
See HEBREW CALENDAR; GEZER;
TORAH
(as per EEF; S. Cross; 040103)
Gardiner A. H. 'Regnal Years and Civil Calendar in Pharaonic Egypt'
JEA 31 (1945) p 11-28.
[ARAB]
In the Muslim calendar the year is only 354 days long, 11 days shorter than the Western calendar system. This is because of its lunar system, where every year consists of exactly 12 moon cycles. The other common name of the Muslim calendar is "hijra", referring to the fleeing of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Madina). The hijra calendar starts counting its days starting on July 16, 622 CE. It is commanded in the Koran that the Muslim calendar should consist of 12 purely lunar months, and there are no form of leap days or months to make up for the shortness of the year compared to the seasons.
http://i-cias.com/e.o/muhammad.htm
[B_338,rvw,LB]
CATNYP#
Sc 913.32-H
See also [B_338b,rvw]
[B_338b,rvw]
CATNYP#
Sc 913.32-H
In GM194, 59-64, Gyula Priskin launc[h]es the hypothesis that the
Greek[s] borrowed the concept of the golden ratio [phi] from Egypt.
Now as it is first found in EUCLID
who worked in Alexandria
(300 BC) that would not be impossible, in principle, however
she does not prove it by architectural proportions or similar
contexts, but via the temporal(!) (in her theory: premeditated) scheme
in the building of the Ptolemaic temples of Dendera and Edfu (i.e.
using the dates(!) in their construction history, 237 - 20 BC). I may be
dense, but I find myself totally unconvinced. Idem by the notion that
this temporal use would root in calendar issues, i.e. the relation
between civil CALENDAR
and lunar calendar [(365/29.53) = (20/phi)].
FYI: The NASA website has tables for phases of the moon, lunar and
solar eclipses:
http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/phase/phases.-1499--1400.html
There is also an Egyptian date calculator at:
http://www.ortelius.de/kalender/form_en2.html
<snip> Be careful before reaching any firm conclusions; I have found
that
CAMBRIDGE: university; (Coptic) Manuscripts and
(Greek) ostraca
(as per EEF; P. Gould)
Christ's College, Cambridge, possesses a unique collection
of records
from the birth of Egyptology, in the form of 17 volumes of
rare Coptic
manuscripts. Mostly from the 16th and 17th centuries, these
documents
include a parchment codex which was produced as a result of
growing
interest in the mysteries of the ancient Egyptian language.
It played
a decisive role in the decipherment of hieroglyphics, and can
be said
to belong to the birth of the science of Egyptology.
The manuscripts are in urgent need of conservation - one theory
is
that they were shipwrecked, as they show signs of water damage!
To
preserve these precious documents for future generations of
scholars
and enthusiasts, Christ's College has launched a major conservation
project with the dual aims of expert restoration and long-term
preservation.
O. Camb.: (Greek; 251 bce)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0019
CAMINOS: (Author); AE, hieratic papyrus
Ricardo Augusto Caminos 1915-.
(as per D. Meeks) seek Chronicle of Prince Osorkon. See PUSHKIN 127
by Ricardo CAMINOS.
[W_039,IMG,OS2] WATSON# 533.6 C143. "A tale of woe : from a hieratic
papyrus in the A. S. PUSHKIN Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow / by Ricardo A.
Caminos.",Oxford
1977.
AKA Papyrus PUSHKIN 127.
~1000 BCE.
Golenischeff stated these were found
in/near El Hiba [HIBEH].
Literary /epistolary / unique style
/ hieratic.
See R. Caminos,
The Chronicle of Prince Osorkon,
in Analecta Orientalia (1956). See [B_290].
(Search this link for Osorkon)
http://www.aquella.com/egypt/22nd.htm
Find this text! Late Egyptian Miscellanies
CANOPUS: (tri-lingual) decree of
(as per M. Brandt, EEF) The decree is dated II Shemu I in 238 BCE.
See (Table of) TANIS.
Hieroglyphic, Demotic and Greek.
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Pantheon/5061/canopus.html
See discussions on the Prstt (Persians or Philistines?).
CARLSBERG: (AE;
demotic) astronomical and other papyri
At Univ. Copenhagen.
[B_046,8.5's,IGNR,V2,V3] CATNYP#
M- 10 6007 Bd.1,nr.2, "Papyrus Carlsberg No. I",
1940. Papyri #2 –4. Demotic cosmology text?
But I haven’t learnt demotic - yet.
[W_040=B_046]
WATSON# 533.6 P196.
See link below for [Greco-Roman period] astronomical papyrus
[P. Carlsberg 32] in Demotic:
At: The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen
http://www.hum.ku.dk/cni/papcoll/pap_dem.html
http://www.hum.ku.dk/cni/papcoll/pc32.jpg
See also my image grid:
P.
CARLSBERG 30
FRONT and BACK: Demotic, Mathematical Text
Publication: R. A. Parker, Demotic mathematical papyri (Rhode Island, 1972),
problems 68-72, plate 25.
P.
CARLSBERG 31
FRONT: Demotic, Astronomical
Publication: R. A. Parker, "Two demotic astronomical papyri in the Carlsberg
Collection", AcOr 26 (1962), 143-147, w. pl. --- O. Neugebauer - R. A.
Parker, Egyptian astronomical texts, III: Decans, planets, constellations,
and zodiacs (Rhode Island, 1960), esp. 217-220, 241-243, pl. 79.
BACK: Demotic, Wisdom Text (?)
P.
CARLSBERG 32
FRONT: Demotic, Astronomical
Publication: R. A. Parker, "Two demotic astronomical papyri in the Carlsberg
Collection", AcOr 26 (1962), 143-147, w. pl. --- O. Neugebauer - R. A.
Parker, Egyptian astronomical texts, III: Decans, planets, constellations,
and zodiacs (Rhode Island, 1960), esp. 217-220, 240-241, pl. 79.
BACK: Blank
See
also:
P. CARLSBERG 9: Calendrical
K.
Ryholt, A Demotic Version of Nectanebos' Dream (P. Carlsberg 562),
in: ZPE, vol. 122, pp. 197-200, 1998
http://www.hum.ku.dk/cni/papcoll/pap_bibl.htm#pc30
(as per LEX) Seek work by Neugebauer, Otto.
(as per AEB) The Carlsberg
Papyri 3: A Miscellany of Demotic Texts and
Studies: With Contributions by J.F. Quack, K. Ryholt, W.J. Tait, K.-Th. Zauzich.
Ed. by P.J. Frandsen and Kim Ryholt, Copenhagen, The Carsten Niebuhr Inst.
of Near Eastern Studies, 2000, CNI Publications.
(as per AEB) Ryholt, K. The Carlsberg
Papyri 4. The Story of Petese
(See PETESI) son of Petetum and
seventy other good and bad stories. Copenhagen,
(Niebuhr), 1999, CNI.
(as per D. Fowler) Seek (demotic) P. Carlsberg 9,
similar to P. Rylands iv 589.
Lunar Calendar. 9125
days/ 309 mean synodic months.
Seek the following texts:
Neugebauer and Parker; EAT iii, 220-5
Neugebauer; HAMA i, 563 f.
Parker; CAE.
http://www.hum.ku.dk/cni/papcoll/pap_bibl.html
[University of Copenhagen; publications]
CAPPADOCIA or KATPATUKA: (Cuneiform) clay tablets from
[Assyrian trade colony in Northern Anatolia]
Around 14000 tablets have been discovered at Kültepe (in modern Tu
