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GAMES: logic based math fun
(OK; AE): Senet;
Mehen – find the rules - if they have survived
http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/2010/sc72.htm
(Chinese): Go
http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~jhurwit/monument.html
Archaeology Magazine 33/4 (July/August 1980): 55-58
See work by J. Zandee:
“An Egyptian Crossword Puzzle…”
See mankala
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atrium/2327/gen3/mankala/mankala1.html
See gaming pieces [more likely bullae] from JEMDET NASR; [B_509]
See UHN: P. 51-2 GAMES…logic fun
AE Game of MORRA described on the images in these Theban tombs.
MK, Beni Hassan tomb 9
26th dynasty tomb of Aba, no. 36
Morra played in Arab lands and called Mukharaja.
Romans played Micatio
Greeks played this too!
Still played in southern France, “la mourre”
Played in CHINA and MONGOLIA, “hua quan”=“fist quarrel”
This game, MORRA, grew from FINGER COUNTING
See FINGER COUNTING
GAME OF
CHESS in INDIA is CHATURANG
[ancient form of chess,
known as CHATURANG, a game played
originally in India during 7th Century
AD] Sataranj is its current name.
[According to historians,
chess originates from the military game chaturang
that appeared in India during the first century
AD]
royal game of Indian Parcheesi (Songyatya or Udat Pagade) and Ludo (Sapshidi, Snakes and Ladders). Peculiar games not seen anywhere else in the world, such as Khabbadi, Kho-Kho, Atya- Patya, Yogasanas
http://www.dixitfamily.com/chitpavan10.html
See Cambodia’s variants: first type of Cambodian chess
known to the Cambodians as Ouk, Chhoeu trang, Chatrang, Chaturang or jointly as Ouk chatrang, The name Chatrang is formal and derived from Sanskrit Chaturanga. In literature, the word "Chaturang" in pronunciation and "Chaturanga" in writing are retained.
Other Cambodia name of similar game: Rek [Kings only!]
The Chinese/Japanese game of GO!
The Chinese game of weiqi, better known to us by its Japanese name go, has been done a great disservice by the chess historian H.J.R. Murray. In Murray 1952:35-36 he concludes his brief discussion of games in ancient China thus: "The oldest and best of the native Chinese games, wei-k'i, is older than AD 1000." This is prefaced by other outrageous remarks: "... Chinese historians have always tended to exaggerate the age of their inventions and in particular the age of their games. Modern scholarship holds that the only Chinese board-games before the Christian era were simple games of the merels type, i.e. games of alinement. The yih mentioned by Confucius (551-479 BC) and Mencius (372-289 BC) was the smaller merels."
Wei Qi (also spelt Wei-Ch'i) as it's known in China, Baduk (Paduk or Pa-dok) as it's known in Korea or Go, as it is known in Japan and generally in the West, is considered by most Oriental game experts to be the worlds greatest strategic skill game, far surpassing Chess in it's complexity and scope.
http://www.tradgames.org.uk/games/Wei-Chi.htm
See [B_390; KESKINTO,v3]
As per NYTIMES 051005; Article by Margaret Wertheim
See Modern geometric puzzles by Dr. Wayne Daniel; nested platonic solids in
the spirit of Johannes Keppler.
(As per EEF; 052505:
123)
1. a gaming board carved into
the pavement of the second court of Ramesses III's temple of Medinet Habu.
[See also Kom Ombo].
2. Neo-Assyrian colossal guardian figure in the British Museum that has a
game board scratched into its
base…piece in the British Museum which is one of the Colossal statues of a
winged human-headed bull from the North-West Palace of Ashurnasirpal at Nimrud.
3. egyptian game called Senet.
It's a kind of checkers game. Here are a couple of links to the game in question
with some pictures. I don't know if this is the game you're talking about.
A board of this game was found in Tut-Ankh-Amun's tomb.
http://www.ccgs.com/games/senet.htm
http://wesheb.tdonnelly.org/esenet.html
http://www.cofc.edu/~piccione/piccione_senet.pdf
(with pics of tombs drawings with players of Senet)
4. Roof tiles/slates (made of stone) from the temple of Seti I. in Gurneh are said to be bearing scratched drawings [of Senet]
(as per EEF; T.
Sagrillo; 110205)
[Mesostics [not acrostics]]
<snip> texts written in a "checkboard" pattern
<snip> You can read the signs both vertically and horizontally.
Clère, Jacques Jean
1938 "Acrostiches et mots croisés des anciens Égyptiens."
Chronique d'Égypte 13:35-58.
Fischer, Henry George
1986 L'Écriture et l'art de l'Égypte ancienne: Quatre leçons
sur
la paléographie et l'épigraphie pharaoniques. Essais et conférences
du
Collège de France. Paris: Presses universitaires de France. (p. 127)
(as per EEF; E. Butler; 110205)
See also:
H. M. Stewart, 'A crossword
hymn to Mut', Journal of Egyptian
Archaeology, 57 (1971), pp. 87-104, on the stela of Paser.
(as per EEF; R. Nyord; 110205)
<SNIP> stela of Paser in British Museum (EA 194)
containing a hymn to Mut that can be read both horizontally and
vertically -- as well as allegedly a third way. It is published in H.M.
Stewart, "A crossword hymn
to Mut", JEA 57 (1971), pp. 87-104, 4 pl.
See this link for a photo:
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/goto?id=OBJ6007
(as per EEF; G.
Modonesi; 110305)
There are two hymns that one can read vertically and horizontally in:
- The Tomb of Kheruef: Theban Tomb 192, OIP 102, Chicago 1980,
Plates 14-15 and pages 35-36.
Also the stela E. 6823 in the Museum of Bruxelles:
- Luc Limme, Stèles Egyptiennes, Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire
Bruxelles, 1979, pages 36-37.
(as per EEF; M. Marcolin; 110305)
ZANDEE, J., An Ancient Egyptian Crossword
Puzzle, Leiden, Ex Oriente
Lux, 1966 (19.6 x 26.6 cm; [VI + ] 80 p., 3 fig., frontispiece)
Mededelingen en Verhandelingen van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch
Genootschap "Ex Oriente Lux" / Mémoires de la Société
d'Études
Orientales "Ex Oriente Lux" 15.
See IMAGE OF SENET:
http://alain.guilleux.free.fr/musee_nubie/assouan_musee_nubie.html
GEBEL-BARKAL: (MK;
AE)
monuments
(as per ZAS, index# 1278) Seek ZAS 69, 1933.
Monuments of Sety I and granite stela of Thutmosis III.
(as per PM) See Pyramid field in JEA IX, plates 12 and 13.
See Temple of Atlanersa
in JEA V, pp. 101-112.
See M.B. Reisner, “Inscribed
Monuments from Gebel-Barkal”.
In ZAS 70,
plates 4-8.
See Lepsius, fragment of stela, an account
of a military expedition.
In Berlin Museum (#1068). In work by Erman in ZAS 29,
pp. 126-7.
(as per EEF, M. Tilgner), index# 1278)
The stela on the "mountain
of Naharin" of Thutmose III is mentioned on his stela of Gebel Barkal (Urk. IV, 1232, 11 ff).
(as per
EEF, D.
Harnan) what Thutmose claims was said
on his stela at Naharin,
as is hinted at in the Year 47 passage:
“He is a king to be boasted of because of his 2 arms in times of battle, who crossed the Euphrates in pursuit of the ones who attacked him with the chiefs of his army upon searching that vile enemy of the foreign land of Mittani. Lo, he was fleeing before his majesty to another distant land in fear.Then my majesty established my stela upon that mountain of Naharin by carving out in mountain stone on the western side of the Euphrates: My opponents do not exist in the southern lands, the northerners come bowing to my might. It is Ra who commanded it for me. As I enclosed that which his eye has encircled, so he has given me the land in its length and width since I bound together nine bows, the islands in the middle of the sea, the Aegean islands and the rebellious lands.”
Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region, Sudan
The Gebel Barka stela of Thutmosis III says that during one of the [MK]
Syrian wars, "a star appeared from the south and did some harm to the
enemy,
so that nobody was able to stand on his foot," according to László
Kákosy.
("Decans in Late Egyptian Religion," _Oikumene_ 3, 1982, 190-1)
Kákosy
speculates that this star might have been a meteor that fell or perhaps
a bolide that shot across the sky, "throwing the enemy into a panic."
He
also notes that the word for star is written with the sign for god as
determinative.
GEBELEIN: (AE; demotic) extinct city, papyri
and ostraca and graffitti at
Gebelein = "Place of two mountains"
(Arabic).
Gebelein is 29 Km south of Thebes
(Karnak).
See cave
tombs, the center of the Cult of Hathor.
See demotic ostracon; register of
67 members or contributors to a festival.
See tomb of Iti and Ini.
See also coffin lid graffito
(as per J. Legon) The end of the
4th Dynasty. see P. Posener-Krieger,
NO CATNYP
"Les mesures des etoffes a l'ancient empire",
in RdE_29
(1977), p90-1.
[B_077,8.5,IMG]
CATNYP# *OBL 95-2397, "Gebelein : il villaggio e la
necropoli / Anna Maria Donadoni Roveri, Elvira D'Amicone, Enrichetta Leospo."
Torino 1994.
Measurements (math) of the areas of cloth.
WATSONLINE yields nothing.
(as per H. Papazian) Seek accounts of economic (math)
activity.
(as per ANE-L) The "Digitalisierung
der Heidelberger Papyrus-
sammlung" project has begun
with putting up demotic papyri, starting
with the 'Urkunden aus Gebelen (Pathyris)'
(P.Gebelen Heid.) :
http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~gv0/Papyri/P.Heid.Dem._Uebersicht.html
See HEIDELBERG.
See ADLER; [B_385=O_016,8.5,IMG]
GEMATRIA: See ISOSEPHIA
p. 252: re gematria see Arabic practice called “khisab al jumal” calculating the total.
p. 251 see Jewish tombstone from Toledo Spain dated to 1322-3 CE.
Year is coded “one drop of dew on five thousand”
Value via GEMATRIA of “drop of dew” is 83, hence year 5083.
p. 71: JEWS
Sephardic (Eastern) Jews Talit has 26 knots on each of the 4 fringes signifying the numerical value of the Tetragrammon [YHWH]
Ashkenazi (Western) Jews have 39 knots for YHWH EHD, “G-d is One”
39 also is the value of “tal”=“morning dew” [perhaps alchemical reference]
See notes from p. 251
[My thoughts; “dew”
and especially morning dew was a significant ingredient in alchemical efforts.
Old [post-exilic?] Hebrew prayers for the morning dew are extant. Identify
sources?]
GENEVA: (Greek and Latin) papyrus
[B_049,PIX,r06.2,r07] CATNYP#
*OBKQ++(Papyrus de Geneve), v. 1. “Le Papyrus de Geneve”,
H. Kundig, 1896.
Mostly Greek
with some Latin.
This text
translates the P. de Geneve to French.
Little or no math. Ptolemaic.
(as per WATSONLINE) Seek Jules Nicole text on
P. Latin VII de Geneve [Roman].
(as per Y. Koenig) seek Geneva Papyrus
MAH 15724 [Clarify MAH].
(as per E. G. Turner) P. Gen. Lat. =
Archives militaires du 1er siecle (Texte inedits du Papyrus Latin de Geneve
No. 1) ed. J. Nicole and C. Morel.
Geneva 1900.
[B_180b,8.5,IMG,
v. 2] CATNYP# *OBQ+ 73-2731 t. 82, “Hommages
Serge Sauneron, Cairo, 1979.
See volume two, mention of P. Gen.
73, 1.11, dated to ~250 CE.
(as per S. Katary, [B_100])
P. Geneva D 191 (No.
37 LRL)
Mentions “measurer”
Mentions details of Viziers role in collecting grain revenue
P.Gen. 1.1.: (Greek; AD 213; Arsinoite)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0117
GENIZEH or GENIZAH: (AE; Jewish and Greek) fragments;
astrological
http://www.historian.net/links.html
http://www.earlham.edu/~seidti/iam/interp_mss.html
K. C. Hanson’s pages
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/kchanson
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/kchanson/papyri.html
The Israel Museum, Jerusalem
http://www.imj.org.il/index.html
See REIF.
http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/GF/33/ee.5.7.html
http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/GF/33/
and Judaeo-Arabic from the Taylor-Schechter Genizah Collection
http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/
http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/Taylor-Schechter/GOLD/
[B_381,HOUSE]
“A Jewish Archive from Old Cairo/ A history of Cambridge
University’s Genizah Collection.” Curzon Press, 2000. Stefan
C. Reif
Solomon Schecter “discovered” Cairo Genizah.
Over 210,000 fragments recovered.
S. Reif directed me to the works of B. R. Goldstein for more on Genizah arithmetic and astronomy [from the Crusade periods].
P.Genova: Papiri dell'Universita di Genova
P.Genova 1.10. Letter from Nero to the Alexandrians: (Greek, AD 55)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0118
GESHER BENOT YA’AKOV: (Neolithic community site, Ancient Israel)
(near Dead Sea)
NO CATNYP
GEZER: (Ancient Hebrew) calendar
See also TELL GEZER
THE GEZER CALENDAR
Before the discovery of
the Izbet Sartah [Biblical Aphek] sherd [~1100 BCE; proto canaanite?/abecedary
ostracon/It contains around eighty letters.]
http://hjem.get2net.dk/finn_rasmussen/MANUS.htm
http://www.hebraeischkurs.de/hebraeisch/hebr_1.html
http://www.otal.umd.edu/~knobloch/gezer.htm
"His two months are (olive) harvest,
His two months are planting (grain),
His two months are late planting,
His month is hoeing up of flax,
His month is harvest of barley,
His month is harvest and feasting,
His two months are vine tending,
His month is summer fruit."
GIESSEN
