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Last updated 12/25/05
NABTA:
neolithic stones
http://www.colorado.edu/PublicRelations/NewsReleases/1998/Oldest_Astronomical_Megalith_A.html
NABUCHODONOSOR: [Nebuchadnezzar/Nebukadnezar] Babylon’s ruler
See ACHEMENIAN; BORSIPPA; CUBITS; HEBREW CUBITS (Megilla); OPPERT; REALLEXICON.
(as per W. Muss-Arnolt) See J. Oppert in:
L’inscription de Nabuchodonosor sur les merveilles de Babylone, BIU II (’70).
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ASSYRIA/INSCRB00.HTM
[6.25] 4,000 cubits complete,
[6.26] the walls of Babylon
[6.27] whose banner is invincible,
[8.43, 44] by Imgur Bel, the fortress of invincible Babylon,
[8.45] 400 [!] cubits
in its completeness,
NAG ED-DEIR: (AE) town
See also REISNER.
See W. K. Simpson’s:
“Letter to the Dead from the Tomb of Meru at NAG ED-DEIR“
JEA 52 (1966), 39-52.
NAG HAMADI: (AE) town; (Greek and Coptic) papyri and codices
AKA NAG
HAMMADI.
See BODMER; HERMES.
P.Nag Hamm.: Nag Hammadi Codices. Greek and Coptic Papyri
from the Cartonnage of the Covers
P.Nag Hamm. 1. Undertaking by Oil-Workers:
(Greek; from Diopolite Minor)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0173
http://www.religioustolerance.org/gnostic.htm
See also CODEX JUNG - a forgery? ~500 CE?
See Bodmer and Hermes
P.Nag Hamm.: Nag Hammadi Codices. Greek and Coptic Papyri from the Cartonnage
of the Covers
[B_485=O_055,rvw]
CATNYP# JFL 73-149 v.16
BOBST# BT1390 .N335 1981
“Nag Hammadi codices : Greek and Coptic Papyri from the cartonnage of the covers / edited by J.W.B. [John Wintour Baldwin Barns] Barns, G. [Gerald] M. Browne, and J. [John] C. Shelton.”
Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1981.
[Y_007a,rvw]
SUMMIT# BT1390 .N33213 1979
“Nag Hammadi codices : English and Coptic Selections / Nag Hammadi codices V, 2-5 and VI, with papyrus Berolinensis 8502, 1 and 4.”
Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1979.
See OXYRHYNCHUS and BERLONINESIS
[Y_007b,rvw]
SUMMIT# BT1392.E92 A3 1991
“Eugnostos the Blessed. English and Coptic.: Nag Hammadi codices III, 3-4 and V, 1 with papyrus Berolinensis 8502, 3 and Oxyrhynchus papyrus 1081 : Eugnostos and The Sophia of Jesus Christ.”
Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1991
See SOPHOCLES!
NAHAL HEVER: (Aramaic; Greek; Nabataean) Manuscripts of
Discovered during Israeli archaeological campaigns to two caves
in 1960 and 1961; the 'Cave of Letters' and the 'Cave of Horror'. The first
contained some biblical fragments and a large quantity of Hebrew, Aramaic,
Nabataean and Greek papyri in two lots:
the archive of the family Babata and additional Bar Kokhba documents. The
contents of the second cave are less abundant and appear to point to this
cave as the real source of the collection, reported by Bedouin[s] as originating,
from Wadi Seiyal.
http://home.flash.net/~hoselton/deadsea/deadsea.htm
See QUMRAN
P.Hever: Greek Documentary Texts from Nahal Hever and Other
Sites
P. Hever. 60: (Greek with one line of Aramaic)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0247
BOBST# PJ5208 A2 1997 Oversize
“Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek documentary texts from Nahal Hever and other sites : with an appendix containing alleged Qumran texts / [edited] by Hannah M. Cotton and Ada Yardeni.
Oxford, 1997
From the Hevel River region / Qumran site.
NAHAL MISHMAR: (Hebrew?) Manuscripts from
Artifacts from the Chalcolithic period
(4500-3000 BCE) were uncovered,
but hardly any manuscripts. A couple of papyri fragments were found in 1961.
See QUMRAN; WADI ARABAH.
http://home.flash.net/~hoselton/deadsea/deadsea.htm
http://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0199242615.html
NA
See UHN: p. 399 walls of cave at Nana Ghat in India with Buddhist Brahmi numerals for 24,400 [items?] ~150 BCE.
NAPPAHU: (cuneiform) tablets found in Iraq from ~600 BCE family of
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~neareast/bsainl4.htm
The archive comprises
some 264 tablets, of which 24 are duplicates, thus making 240 texts in all.
Most of the tablets cover the period 544-486 BC, when the principal archive
holders, Iddin-Nabu and his son Sellibi, were active. At least 35 documents
concern the activities of these two men in their role as prebendary professionals
in the service of several minor deities; these tablets remain practically
the only source of information for temple affairs in Babylon at this period.
http://users.ox.ac.uk/~neareast/bsainl4.htm#Tablets of Nappahu
NAQADA: (predynastic; AE) Inscriptions.
(as per The Encyclopedia of Archaeology
in the Near East)
See Predynastic caves.
http://members.xoom.it/francescoraf/hesyra/tagcorpus.htm
See ABYDOS; UMM EL QAAB; SAQQARA.
The Predynastic period, which ends with the unification of Egypt under one king, is generally subdivided into three parts, each of which refers to the site at which its archaeological materials were found: Badarian, Amratian (Naqada I), and Gerzean (Naqada II and III). Northern sites (from about 5500 BC) have yielded datable archaeological material of apparent cultural continuity but no long-term sequences such as those found in the south.
http://ragz-international.com/ancient_egypt.htm
NAQLUN: (AE) town; (Greek) papyri
See DEIR EL-NAQLUN.
P.Naqlun: Deir El-Naqlun:
The Greek Papyri
P.Naqlun 7. List of grain supplies: (Greek)
No math.
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0248
NARMER: (AE; OK) Pharaoh
(as per EEF) See Narmer
Palette.
(as per J. Legon) see ceremonial mace-head
with reference to 6000 slain or taken prisoner.
(as per M. St. John) "strangely round numbers”, [macehead]
with math content; inventory of livestock.
See these links to Narmer's
Palette.
http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterFour/NarmersPaletteObverse.htm
http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterFour/NarmersPaletteReverse.htm
See this other link.
http://studentweb.tulane.edu/~hlaguar/palette.html
(as per Bea Lumpkin; EEF)
[B_105; W_079,8.5's,COPY ALL,JNES] Seek math content;CATNYP# (*OBA Journal of Near Eastern Studies); WATSON# 506-J82 "Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery Before Narmer" by Bruce Williams and Thomas Logan in JNES 46 no. 4 pages 245-285, (1987).
My report of 9/21/00:
I viewed the above noted knife handle at the Met.
The math content, if any, on this item is damaged beyond reasonable
determination.
Item A# 26.241.1; 16.2.22 (in Gallery One) A badly worn predynastic
ivory knife handle with a small piece of the original flint blade. Face is
inscribed with faded standing figures that look like non-Egyptian/Assyrian?
sheep herders. On the bottom of the face (recto) is a row of a different people/Nubians?
these people are kneeling as if imprisoned. and are being led/held captive
by the sole Egyptian looking figure visible. This Egyptian figure is wearing
a "pharonic style" crown. The JNES report noted above draws many conclusions
from comparison to other items and inscriptions from the region. These conclusions
discuss other examples of Pharonic BARKS. These BARKS are then compared to
the object.
I found no convincing evidence of math content.
Seek MDAIK 1999 Plate, Image of Narmer in glyphs (sans cartouche).
MDAIK 1999 also shows image
of:
Ostracon Cairo SR 12202
and RAMSES-NACHT Ostracon.
(as per EEF; M. Tilgner) Study the meaning of Narmer’s name in:
Gabor Takacs, Note on the Name of
King Narmer of the Egyptian
Predynastic Period, Folia Orientalia,
Krakow, vol. 33, pp. 139-142,
1997.
Narmer=Catfish?
See also RYLANDS; [B_093]
Narmer palette, recto detail
NARMUTHIS: (Greek) papyri and ostraca
AKA NARMOUTHIS
P. Narm. papyri from Narmuthis, excavated by l'Instituto di Papirologia dell' Universitá di Milano, 1966-69.
http://www.chs.harvard.edu/homerpapyri/Abbreviations.html
O. Narm. 1: (Greek)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0035
NAS-KHEM: (AE;
BOTD)
papyrus of
(as per E.A. Budge) See work by Samuel Birch, [1813-1885]; BOTD.
NASH: (Hebrew and others) papyrus fragments
the Nash Papyrus from Egypt which was written about a century
before the time of Christ, and which consists of a single leaf containing
the Ten Commandments. Its form is not identical with neither the Exodus nor the Deuteronomy versions. The Nash Papyrus contains also
the Shema.
http://205.180.85.40/w/pc.cgi?mid=13369&sid=7271
http://www.geocities.com/spenta_mainyu_2/oldtest6.htm#Shema
The four papyrus fragments that make up the Nash Papyrus were acquired in Egypt by W. L. Nash and first described by Stanley A. Cook in 1903. The
fragments were the oldest Hebrew fragments known at that time which contained
a portion of the biblical text, specifically, the Decalogue and the Shema.
Though dated by Cook to the second century C.E., subsequent reappraisals by
Albright and others have pushed the date back to the second century B.C.E.
The text of the Decalogue present in the papyrus is sometimes closer to the
Masoretic version of Exodus, sometimes closer to Deuteronomy. Most of the
agreements with Deuteronomy, however, are also reflected in the Septuagint version of Exodus. Furthermore,
the papyrus shows other affinities with the Septuagint, particularly in regard
to the order of the sixth through eighth commandments (adultery-murder-theft)--agreeing
with several Septuagint manuscripts, Philo, and some instances in the New
Testament--and in containing the introductory phrase to the Shema. It also
exhibits a few unique readings. The papyrus was probably copied from a liturgical
work; the practice of reading the Decalogue before the Shema is attested in
both Talmuds. However, its textual affinities with the Septuagint
and Philo, as well as the provenance of its discovery, bear testimony to a
form of the Hebrew text current in Egypt that differed significantly from
the text later preserved by the Masoretes.
http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/extras/Nash.html
Albright, William F. "A Biblical Fragment from the Maccabean
Age: The Nash Papyrus." Journal of Biblical Literature 56 (1937): 145-176.
Cook, Stanley A. "A Pre-Massoretic Biblical Papyrus." Proceedings
of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 25 (1903): 34-56.
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC: magazine
[B_314,HOUSE] CATNYP# JFM 74-400
See APRIL 2001 in my archive; misc. Egypt.
See inserted map.
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: general index
[B_313,HOUSE] CATNYP# JFF 99-2081
“The National Museum of Natural History / by
Philip Kopper ;
photographs by Kjell Sandved and Chip Clark.”
New York, 1982.
NAUCRATIS: (AE) settlement
Greeks settled in the Egyptian town of Nokratj (Naucratis
in Greek) during the reign of Psamtik I (664-610 BC), who was the king of
Sais responsible for reunifying Egypt with the aid of elite troops recruited
in Ionia and Caria. Under Psamtik’s successors Naucratis rapidly became a
busy centre of industry, with a thriving trade in exports and imports, and
its commercial importance remained undiminished under the last native dynasties,
which preceded the arrival of Alexander the Great.
http://www.franckgoddio.org/english/projects/aboukir/history/history_03.asp
NAURI: (AE; MK) decree of Seti I
As per the following link:
http://sondmor.tripod.com/index-html
Interestingly, we do seem to have an example of the central government seeking to suppress market behavior by its own officials! In the Nauri decree, Seti I (1306-1290) forbids officials from seizing for corvée the personnel of the Osiris temple in Nubia. But he also forbids them from hiring-away the temple's employees. The phrase used in the decree is m brt "by agreement/contract," which Kitchen relates to West Semitic berit "contract/covenant."
NAVILLE: (Author)
Edouard Naville (1844-1926)
NO CATNYP
(as per E.A. Wallis Budge) seek “Todtenbuch”, (Einleitung).
(as per H.O. Lange) seek "Mound of the Jew", "City of Onias", London 1890.
[W_051,rvw] WATSON# 532K15 L52. "Laile nord
du pylone d'Amenophis III a Karnak / par MM. Georges Legrain et Edouard Naville." Paris 1902. See HATSHEPSUT.
[W_052,rvw] WATSON# 536.3 N22 Q. "Details
releves dans les ruines de quelques temples egyptiens / avec traduction anglaise
par Mlle. D. N. Belaieff. See ABYDOS.
[W_053,rvw] WATSON# 533.5 N22. "La litanie
du soleil : inscriptions recueillies dans les tombeaux des rois a Thebes..." Leipzig, 1875. See THEBES.
[W_054,rvw] WATSON# 533.6 C12. "Papyrus funeraires
de la XXIe dynastie.../ precede d'une preface par Edouard Naville", Paris 1912.
See KAMARA; KATSESHNI.
See [B_235b and 235c; OS2], Lepsius.
NAZCA: (mesoamerican) lines; ancient astronomy in modern Peru.
See NABTA; NEOLITHIC; ISHANGO
NEB-QED: (AE; BOTD) papyrus
[B_086,rvw,BOTD] CATNYP# *OBZM+++ (Deveria, T. Papyrus
de Neb-Qed), "Le Papyrus de Neb-Qed
(examplaire hieroglyphique du Livre des Morts) reproduit, decrit et precede
d'une Introduction mythologique...avec la traduction...par P. Pierret." Paris 1872.
(as per E.A.
Budge) AKA Neb-Qued, AKA Neb-Qet.
NEB-SET: (AE; BOTD) papyrus of
At the Museum of Paris.
(as per E.A. Budge) See BOTD.
NEBSENI or NEBSENY: (AE;
BOTD) papyrus
(as per E.A. Budge) (B.M. 9900; 18th Dynasty; 76
feet long) See BOTD, ANI.
See also Hermopolis AKA Khemennu.
(as per E.A. Budge) See the end of BOTD chapter CXXV:
“I pray you, declare me right and true in the presence of the Universal God..”
(Monotheism?)
NEBTAWY: [BOTD; 18th Dynasty] Hieroglyphic papyrus fragment
NECROPOLIS: (AE) mausoleum city
City of the dead
[B_524,rvw]
CATNYP# *OBKG (Recherches d’Archeologie, de philologie et d’histoire. T. 23)
“Les Memnonia; recherches de papyrologie et d’epigraphie grecques sur la necropole de la Thebes d’Egypte aux epoques hellenistique et romaine.”
By Andre Bataille.
Le Caire, 1952.
NO BOBCAT
NECTANEBOS: (AE/Greek; demotic) papyrus; dream/trickery
of
(as per EEF; M. Tilgner)
"Dream of Nectanebos"
W. Clarysse, "De droom van koning
Nektanebo" op een griekse papyrus
(UPZ 81), in: K. R. Veenhof (ed.), Schrijvend
verleden. Documenten
uit het oude Nabije Oosten vertaald
en toegelicht. Leiden and Zutphen,
1983, pp. 367-371
B. E. Perry, The Egyptian Legend of
Nectanebus, in: Transactions and
Proceedings of the American Philological Association [TAPA], vol. 97, pp. 327-333, 1966 [interpretation]
K. Ryholt, A Demotic Version of Nectanebos' Dream (P. Carlsberg 562),
in: ZPE, vol. 122, pp. 197-200, 1998
E. Brunner-Traut, Altaegyptische Maerchen
[myths/fairy tales], 8th rev. ed.,
Munich, 1989,
chapter 31: "Der Trug des Nectanebos", pp. 198-204, 331-333 (German
translation)
See this link to image of the Demotic:
http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POxy/VExhibition/2332.htm
(As per EEF; A. K. Eyma; above text by E. Brunner-Traut),
“To avoid any confusion, allow me to stress again that this "Trickery of Nectanabo" is another story than the "Dream of Nectanebo". The first story is part of an Alexander Romance of Pseudo-Kallisthenes (1st c. BC). The second story stems from the archives of Apollonios and Ptolemaois, two brothers who stayed at the Serapis temple of
Memphis. Although both stories may root in the same tradition, the "Dream" is more Egyptian in nature. The writer e.g. explains an Egyptian word [ro:ps <*ro:m(p)sis = AE. rms "boat"] to his Greek readers, and it seems to have been based on some genuine event. For the story dates itself thus: "Year 16, 21-22 Pharmouthi, according to the god during full moon. During his stay in Memphis, king Nectanebo [II]...." had a dream. "According to the god" here means "according to the lunar temple calendar". Clarysse says that scholars have determined that during that night between Pharmouthi 21 and 22 (July 5 and 6, 343 BC), it indeed was full moon. The story is not very long: in the dream, the king sees how the god Onuris (-Shu) appears before the great Isis, and complains that his temple [Pherso: = AE. Pr-Sw] in Sebennutos [where dyn. 30 rooted] remains neglected and unfinished - so why is the pharaoh still in Isis' favour?? Awakened, the alarmed Nectanebo makes inquiries, and orders the temple to be finished. Alas he hires a man who proves to be a drinker and womanizer. There the story suddenly ends, but it can be deduced that because of the incompetent craftsman, the temple remains unfinished, Onuris' complaint gets granted, and Isis retracts her protection of the king. A few months later, Artaxerxes III Ochos will conquer Egypt.”
(as per EEF; A. Bey)
Scholars have determined that during that night between Pharmouthi
21 and 22 (i. e. July 5 and 6), 343 BC), it indeed was [a] full moon.
The two programs that I am currently using are both in agreement
with July 6, 343BC being a Full Moon. Solar Fire gives a time of
11:44'24" AM EET, and SkyMap Pro 6
gives 11:38AM as the time for opposition.
Both times are calculated for Waset (Thebes).
See ASTRONOMY; CALENDAR; HIBEH.
NEDERLANDS: science journal
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and book reviews(http://www.palarch.nl/Non_scientific/papers.htm).
Finally, we invite you to submit your manuscript, book review andthe like (you can find all the details on our objectives and proceduresat http://www.palarch.nl/organisation.htm) and are looking forward to receiving your comments, suggestions etc! Best wishes,Sigrid M. van RoodeManaging editor Archaeology of Egypt/EgyptologyAndré J. VeldmeijerChairman PalArch FoundationA.J. VeldmeijerManaging editor vertebrate palaeontology www.PalArch.nl the PalArch Foundations' webbased Netherlands scientific journal.
NEFER RENPET: (AE;
BOTD)
papyrus
See [W_023] BRUXELLES.
[B_127,rvw] CATNYP#
*OBKQ 92-6745, “The vignettes in the BOTD of Neferrenpet / by H. Milde.”,
Leiden, 1991.
The study of:
P. Philadelphia E2775, 16720-22,
P. Brussels E5043,
P. London (pBM9962).
Nefer renpet means chisel bearer (tomb maker?)
NEFER-UTEN-F: (AE;
BOTD)
funerary papyri of
(as per E.A. Budge) See BOTD.
See P. Paris
3092.
NEFERU: (AE Queen; BOTD); tomb inscriptions
(as per E.A. Budge) See Maspero, “Recuiel”.
NEHI: (AE; BOTD) Stele of
(As per E.A. Budge) See lines from BOTD.
See work
by Maspero.
Stele of Nehi, see:
A. Mariette:
Notice des Mon. à Boulaq, p. 190; Maspero, Recueil, t. iii., p. 195)
http://www.sacred-texts.com/egy/ebod/ebod03.htm
NEPHAROS or NEPHEROS: (Greek) papyri
See Heidelberg.
http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~gv0/Papyri/P.Neph.html
P.Neph.: Das Archiv des Nepheros und verwandte Texte
P.Neph. 1. Paulos und Tapiam an Nepheros. Ophellios und die Mitbrüder des Klosters [monastery] Hathor: (Greek; from Alexandria)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0174
NEOLITHIC:
See NABTA; NAZCA
NESIKHONSU: (AE; BOTD) papyrus
See GREENFIELD.
See this link.
http://pecan.srv.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/mmbt/www/women/edwards/pharaohs/pharaohs-7.html
(as per E.A. Budge)
See the Priest-Kings of the Brotherhood
of Amen (Amon?).
NESMIN: (AE; MK?, BOTD) papyri
(Ptolemaic) Funerary papyri = B.M. 10208 and 10209.
[B_032,8.5,IMG,BOTD]
CATNYP# *OBKQ 76-2156
"Two Hieratic
funerary papyri of Nesmin", Haikal, Fayza Mohamed Hussein
(studied with Cerny), Brussels, 1970-1972.
Excellent
tr. included.
[W_005,BOTD,rvw] WATSON# 533.5 C59. "Le papyrus
de Nesmin : un Livre des morts hieroglyphique
de l'epoque ptolemaique / par Jacques J. Clere.
Nesmin=Magician?
http://dia.org/bulletin/papyrus/p1.html
http://dia.org/bulletin/papyrus/
(as per M. Tilgner; EEF; 051003)