NABTA: neolithic stones

 

http://www.colorado.edu/PublicRelations/NewsReleases/1998/Oldest_Astronomical_Megalith_A.html

 

 

NABUCHODONOSOR: [Nebuchadnezzar/Nebukadnezar] Babylon’s ruler

See ACHEMENIAN; BORSIPPA; CUBITS; HEBREW CUBITS (Megilla); OPPERT; REALLEXICON.

 

(as per W. Muss-Arnolt) See J. Oppert in:

L’inscription de Nabuchodonosor sur les merveilles de Babylone, BIU II (’70).

 

http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/txt/ASSYRIA/INSCRB00.HTM

[6.25] 4,000 cubits complete,

[6.26] the walls of Babylon

[6.27] whose banner is invincible,

 

[8.43, 44] by Imgur Bel, the fortress of invincible Babylon,

[8.45] 400 [!] cubits in its completeness,

 

 

NAG ED-DEIR: (AE) town

See also REISNER.

 

See W. K. Simpson’s:

“Letter to the Dead from the Tomb of Meru at NAG ED-DEIR“

JEA 52 (1966), 39-52.

 

 

NAG HAMADI: (AE) town; (Greek and Coptic) papyri and codices

AKA NAG HAMMADI.

 

See BODMER; HERMES.

 

P.Nag Hamm.: Nag Hammadi Codices. Greek and Coptic Papyri from the Cartonnage of the Covers

P.Nag Hamm. 1. Undertaking by Oil-Workers:

(Greek; from Diopolite Minor)

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0173

 

http://www.religioustolerance.org/gnostic.htm

 

See also CODEX JUNG - a forgery? ~500 CE?

http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.internatif.org/EspMarx/CahiersdHistoire/Cahiers-76/76_dubois.html&prev=/search%3Fq%3DASKEWIANUS%252BCoptic%252BCodex%26hl%3Den

 

See Bodmer and Hermes

P.Nag Hamm.: Nag Hammadi Codices. Greek and Coptic Papyri from the Cartonnage of the Covers

[B_485=O_055,rvw]

CATNYP# JFL 73-149 v.16

BOBST# BT1390 .N335 1981

“Nag Hammadi codices : Greek and Coptic Papyri from the cartonnage of the covers / edited by J.W.B. [John Wintour Baldwin Barns] Barns, G. [Gerald] M. Browne, and J. [John] C. Shelton.”

Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1981.

 

[Y_007a,rvw]

SUMMIT# BT1390 .N33213 1979

“Nag Hammadi codices : English and Coptic Selections / Nag Hammadi codices V, 2-5 and VI, with papyrus Berolinensis 8502, 1 and 4.”

Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1979.

 

See OXYRHYNCHUS and BERLONINESIS

 

[Y_007b,rvw]

SUMMIT# BT1392.E92 A3 1991

“Eugnostos the Blessed. English and Coptic.: Nag Hammadi codices III, 3-4 and V, 1 with papyrus Berolinensis 8502, 3 and Oxyrhynchus papyrus 1081 : Eugnostos and The Sophia of Jesus Christ.”

Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1991

See SOPHOCLES!

 

 

NAHAL HEVER: (Aramaic; Greek; Nabataean) Manuscripts of

Discovered during Israeli archaeological campaigns to two caves in 1960 and 1961; the 'Cave of Letters' and the 'Cave of Horror'. The first contained some biblical fragments and a large quantity of Hebrew, Aramaic, Nabataean and Greek papyri in two lots: the archive of the family Babata and additional Bar Kokhba documents. The contents of the second cave are less abundant and appear to point to this cave as the real source of the collection, reported by Bedouin[s] as originating, from Wadi Seiyal.

 

http://home.flash.net/~hoselton/deadsea/deadsea.htm

 

Ask for information at JH.

 

See TORAH, [B_194].

See QUMRAN

 

P.Hever: Greek Documentary Texts from Nahal Hever and Other Sites

P. Hever. 60: (Greek with one line of Aramaic)

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0247

 

P.Hever: Greek Documentary Texts from Nahal Hever and Other Sites

[B_482,JH=O_052,rvw]

CATNYP# *PFX+ (Discoveries in the Judaean desert. v.27)

BOBST# PJ5208 A2 1997 Oversize

“Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek documentary texts from Nahal Hever and other sites : with an appendix containing alleged Qumran texts / [edited] by Hannah M. Cotton and Ada Yardeni.

Oxford, 1997

From the Hevel River region / Qumran site.

 

 

NAHAL MISHMAR: (Hebrew?) Manuscripts from

Artifacts from the Chalcolithic period (4500-3000 BCE) were uncovered,

but hardly any manuscripts. A couple of papyri fragments were found in 1961.

 

See QUMRAN; WADI ARABAH.

 

http://home.flash.net/~hoselton/deadsea/deadsea.htm

 

http://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0199242615.html

 

 

NANA GHAT: (Brahmi) inscriptions

See UHN: p. 399 walls of cave at Nana Ghat in India with Buddhist Brahmi numerals for 24,400 [items?] ~150 BCE.

 

NAPPAHU: (cuneiform) tablets found in Iraq from ~600 BCE family of

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~neareast/bsainl4.htm

 

The archive comprises some 264 tablets, of which 24 are duplicates, thus making 240 texts in all. Most of the tablets cover the period 544-486 BC, when the principal archive holders, Iddin-Nabu and his son Sellibi, were active. At least 35 documents concern the activities of these two men in their role as prebendary professionals in the service of several minor deities; these tablets remain practically the only source of information for temple affairs in Babylon at this period.

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~neareast/bsainl4.htm#Tablets of Nappahu

 

 

NAQADA: (predynastic; AE) Inscriptions.

(as per The Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East)

See Predynastic caves.

http://members.xoom.it/francescoraf/hesyra/tagcorpus.htm

 

See ABYDOS; UMM EL QAAB; SAQQARA.

 

The Predynastic period, which ends with the unification of Egypt under one king, is generally subdivided into three parts, each of which refers to the site at which its archaeological materials were found: Badarian, Amratian (Naqada I), and Gerzean (Naqada II and III). Northern sites (from about 5500 BC) have yielded datable archaeological material of apparent cultural continuity but no long-term sequences such as those found in the south.

http://ragz-international.com/ancient_egypt.htm

 

 

NAQLUN: (AE) town; (Greek) papyri

See DEIR EL-NAQLUN.

 

P.Naqlun: Deir El-Naqlun: The Greek Papyri

P.Naqlun 7. List of grain supplies: (Greek)

No math.

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0248

 

 

NARMER: (AE; OK) Pharaoh

(as per EEF) See Narmer Palette.

 

(as per J. Legon) see ceremonial mace-head with reference to 6000 slain or taken prisoner.

 

(as per M. St. John) "strangely round numbers”, [macehead] with math content; inventory of livestock.

 

See these links to Narmer's Palette.

http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterFour/NarmersPaletteObverse.htm

 

http://www.mazzaroth.com/ChapterFour/NarmersPaletteReverse.htm

 

See this other link.

http://studentweb.tulane.edu/~hlaguar/palette.html

 

(as per Bea Lumpkin; EEF)

[B_105; W_079,8.5's,COPY ALL,JNES] Seek math content;CATNYP# (*OBA Journal of Near Eastern Studies); WATSON# 506-J82 "Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery Before Narmer" by Bruce Williams and Thomas Logan in JNES 46 no. 4 pages 245-285, (1987).

 

My report of 9/21/00:

I viewed the above noted knife handle at the Met.

The math content, if any, on this item is damaged beyond reasonable determination.

Item A# 26.241.1; 16.2.22 (in Gallery One) A badly worn predynastic ivory knife handle with a small piece of the original flint blade. Face is inscribed with faded standing figures that look like non-Egyptian/Assyrian? sheep herders. On the bottom of the face (recto) is a row of a different people/Nubians? these people are kneeling as if imprisoned. and are being led/held captive by the sole Egyptian looking figure visible. This Egyptian figure is wearing a "pharonic style" crown. The JNES report noted above draws many conclusions from comparison to other items and inscriptions from the region. These conclusions discuss other examples of Pharonic BARKS. These BARKS are then compared to the object.

I found no convincing evidence of math content.

 

Seek MDAIK 1999 Plate, Image of Narmer in glyphs (sans cartouche).

MDAIK 1999 also shows image of:

Ostracon Cairo SR 12202

and RAMSES-NACHT Ostracon.

 

(as per EEF; M. Tilgner) Study the meaning of Narmer’s name in:

Gabor Takacs, Note on the Name of King Narmer of the Egyptian

Predynastic Period, Folia Orientalia, Krakow, vol. 33, pp. 139-142,

1997.

Narmer=Catfish?

 

See also RYLANDS; [B_093]

See SCORPION, DEN

Narmer palette, recto detail

http://members.xoom.it/francescoraf/hesyra/palettes/narmerp.htm

(last image-detail)

 

Note in this latter image also other features of the attire and physical

characters of Narmer and the Tjat(j); it is also visible, in the column of

slain captives, that the last corpse (of the first and only column visible

in the image) has strangely his penis still in its place whereas the other

(9) have it severed and tied onto their respective beheaded heads

(Davies, W.V. & Friedman, R.F.: The Narmer Palette: A Forgotten

Member, in: Nekhen News 10, 1998, 22).

 

 

NARMUTHIS: (Greek) papyri and ostraca

AKA NARMOUTHIS

 

P. Narm. papyri from Narmuthis, excavated by l'Instituto di Papirologia dell' Universitá di Milano, 1966-69.

http://www.chs.harvard.edu/homerpapyri/Abbreviations.html

 

O. Narm. 1: (Greek)

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0035

 

 

NAS-KHEM: (AE; BOTD) papyrus of

(as per E.A. Budge) See work by Samuel Birch, [1813-1885]; BOTD.

 

 

NASH: (Hebrew and others) papyrus fragments

the Nash Papyrus from Egypt which was written about a century before the time of Christ, and which consists of a single leaf containing the Ten Commandments. Its form is not identical with neither the Exodus nor the Deuteronomy versions. The Nash Papyrus contains also the Shema.

http://205.180.85.40/w/pc.cgi?mid=13369&sid=7271

http://www.geocities.com/spenta_mainyu_2/oldtest6.htm#Shema

 

The four papyrus fragments that make up the Nash Papyrus were acquired in Egypt by W. L. Nash and first described by Stanley A. Cook in 1903. The fragments were the oldest Hebrew fragments known at that time which contained a portion of the biblical text, specifically, the Decalogue and the Shema. Though dated by Cook to the second century C.E., subsequent reappraisals by Albright and others have pushed the date back to the second century B.C.E. The text of the Decalogue present in the papyrus is sometimes closer to the Masoretic version of Exodus, sometimes closer to Deuteronomy. Most of the agreements with Deuteronomy, however, are also reflected in the Septuagint version of Exodus. Furthermore, the papyrus shows other affinities with the Septuagint, particularly in regard to the order of the sixth through eighth commandments (adultery-murder-theft)--agreeing with several Septuagint manuscripts, Philo, and some instances in the New Testament--and in containing the introductory phrase to the Shema. It also exhibits a few unique readings. The papyrus was probably copied from a liturgical work; the practice of reading the Decalogue before the Shema is attested in both Talmuds. However, its textual affinities with the Septuagint and Philo, as well as the provenance of its discovery, bear testimony to a form of the Hebrew text current in Egypt that differed significantly from the text later preserved by the Masoretes.

http://rosetta.reltech.org/TC/extras/Nash.html

Albright, William F. "A Biblical Fragment from the Maccabean Age: The Nash Papyrus." Journal of Biblical Literature 56 (1937): 145-176.

Cook, Stanley A. "A Pre-Massoretic Biblical Papyrus." Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 25 (1903): 34-56.

 

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC: magazine

[B_314,HOUSE] CATNYP# JFM 74-400

“The National geographic magazine.”

Washington, National Geographic Society.

See APRIL 2001 in my archive; misc. Egypt.

See inserted map.

 

 

NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: general index

[B_313,HOUSE] CATNYP# JFF 99-2081

“The National Museum of Natural History / by Philip Kopper ;

photographs by Kjell Sandved and Chip Clark.”

New York, 1982.

 

 

NAUCRATIS: (AE) settlement

Greeks settled in the Egyptian town of Nokratj (Naucratis in Greek) during the reign of Psamtik I (664-610 BC), who was the king of Sais responsible for reunifying Egypt with the aid of elite troops recruited in Ionia and Caria. Under Psamtik’s successors Naucratis rapidly became a busy centre of industry, with a thriving trade in exports and imports, and its commercial importance remained undiminished under the last native dynasties, which preceded the arrival of Alexander the Great.

http://www.franckgoddio.org/english/projects/aboukir/history/history_03.asp

 

 

NAURI: (AE; MK) decree of Seti I

As per the following link:

http://sondmor.tripod.com/index-html

 

Interestingly, we do seem to have an example of the central government seeking to suppress market behavior by its own officials! In the Nauri decree, Seti I (1306-1290) forbids officials from seizing for corvée the personnel of the Osiris temple in Nubia. But he also forbids them from hiring-away the temple's employees. The phrase used in the decree is m brt "by agreement/contract," which Kitchen relates to West Semitic berit "contract/covenant."

 

 

NAVILLE: (Author)

Edouard Naville (1844-1926)

NO CATNYP

 

(as per E.A. Wallis Budge) seek “Todtenbuch”, (Einleitung).

 

(as per H.O. Lange) seek "Mound of the Jew", "City of Onias", London 1890.

 

[W_051,rvw] WATSON# 532K15 L52. "Laile nord du pylone d'Amenophis III a Karnak / par MM. Georges Legrain et Edouard Naville." Paris 1902. See HATSHEPSUT.

 

[W_052,rvw] WATSON# 536.3 N22 Q. "Details releves dans les ruines de quelques temples egyptiens / avec traduction anglaise par Mlle. D. N. Belaieff. See ABYDOS.

 

[W_053,rvw] WATSON# 533.5 N22. "La litanie du soleil : inscriptions recueillies dans les tombeaux des rois a Thebes..." Leipzig, 1875. See THEBES.

 

[W_054,rvw] WATSON# 533.6 C12. "Papyrus funeraires de la XXIe dynastie.../ precede d'une preface par Edouard Naville", Paris 1912.

See KAMARA; KATSESHNI.

 

See [B_235b and 235c; OS2], Lepsius.

 

 

NAZCA: (mesoamerican) lines; ancient astronomy in modern Peru.

See NABTA; NEOLITHIC; ISHANGO

In the Peruvian desert, about 200 miles south of Lima, there lies a plain between the Inca and Nasca valleys. Across this plain, in an area measuring 37 miles long and 1 mile wide, is an assortment of perfectly straight lines, many running parallel, others intersecting, forming a grand geometric form. In and around the lines there are also trapezoidal zones, strange symbols, and pictures of birds and beasts all etched on a giant scale that can only be appreciated from the sky.

http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?id=2&query=nazca&rsource=INK&target=http%3A%2F%2Funmuseum%2Emus%2Epa%2Eus%2Fnazca%2Ehtm

 

http://exn.ca/mysticplaces/Whatarethey.cfm

 

Find a detailed survey of this celestial map

Maria Reiche [died 1998; age 95]; performed first dedicated studies of the lines.

NEB-QED: (AE; BOTD) papyrus

[B_086,rvw,BOTD] CATNYP# *OBZM+++ (Deveria, T. Papyrus de Neb-Qed), "Le Papyrus de Neb-Qed (examplaire hieroglyphique du Livre des Morts) reproduit, decrit et precede d'une Introduction mythologique...avec la traduction...par P. Pierret." Paris 1872.

 

(as per E.A. Budge) AKA Neb-Qued, AKA Neb-Qet.

 

 

NEB-SET: (AE; BOTD) papyrus of

At the Museum of Paris.

(as per E.A. Budge) See BOTD.

 

 

NEBSENI or NEBSENY: (AE; BOTD) papyrus

(as per E.A. Budge) (B.M. 9900; 18^th Dynasty; 76 feet long) See BOTD, ANI.

See also Hermopolis AKA Khemennu.

 

(as per E.A. Budge) See the end of BOTD chapter CXXV:

“I pray you, declare me right and true in the presence of the Universal God..”

(Monotheism?)

 

 

NEBTAWY: [BOTD; 18th Dynasty] Hieroglyphic papyrus fragment

See link to PETRIE museum item#: UC71005

http://www.petrie.ucl.ac.uk/search/detail/results/detail.asp?01_objectidentifier=UC71005

 

NECROPOLIS: (AE) mausoleum city

City of the dead; See THEBES

[B_524,rvw]

CATNYP# *OBKG (Recherches d’Archeologie, de philologie et d’histoire. T. 23)

“Les Memnonia; recherches de papyrologie et d’epigraphie grecques sur la necropole de la Thebes d’Egypte aux epoques hellenistique et romaine.”

By Andre Bataille.

Le Caire, 1952.

NO BOBCAT

 

 

NECTANEBOS: (AE/Greek; demotic) papyrus; dream/trickery of

(as per EEF; M. Tilgner)

"Dream of Nectanebos"

W. Clarysse, "De droom van koning Nektanebo" op een griekse papyrus

(UPZ 81), in: K. R. Veenhof (ed.), Schrijvend verleden. Documenten

uit het oude Nabije Oosten vertaald en toegelicht. Leiden and Zutphen,

1983, pp. 367-371

 

B. E. Perry, The Egyptian Legend of Nectanebus, in: Transactions and

Proceedings of the American Philological Association [TAPA], vol. 97, pp. 327-333, 1966 [interpretation]

 

K. Ryholt, A Demotic Version of Nectanebos' Dream (P. Carlsberg 562),

in: ZPE, vol. 122, pp. 197-200, 1998

 

E. Brunner-Traut, Altaegyptische Maerchen [myths/fairy tales], 8th rev. ed.,

Munich, 1989,

chapter 31: "Der Trug des Nectanebos", pp. 198-204, 331-333 (German

translation)

See this link to image of the Demotic:

http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POxy/VExhibition/2332.htm

 

(As per EEF; A. K. Eyma; above text by E. Brunner-Traut),

 

“To avoid any confusion, allow me to stress again that this "Trickery of Nectanabo" is another story than the "Dream of Nectanebo". The first story is part of an Alexander Romance of Pseudo-Kallisthenes (1st c. BC).  The second story stems from the archives of Apollonios and Ptolemaois, two brothers who stayed at the Serapis temple of

Memphis. Although both stories may root in the same tradition, the "Dream" is more Egyptian in nature. The writer e.g. explains an Egyptian word [ro:ps <*ro:m(p)sis = AE. rms "boat"] to his Greek readers, and it seems to have been based on some genuine event. For the story dates itself thus: "Year 16, 21-22 Pharmouthi, according to the  god during full moon. During his stay in Memphis, king Nectanebo [II]...." had a dream. "According to the god" here means "according to the lunar temple calendar". Clarysse says that scholars have determined that during that night between Pharmouthi 21 and 22 (July 5 and 6, 343 BC), it indeed was full moon. The story is not very long:  in the dream, the king sees how the god Onuris (-Shu) appears before the great Isis, and complains that his temple [Pherso:  = AE. Pr-Sw] in Sebennutos [where dyn. 30 rooted] remains neglected and unfinished - so why is the pharaoh still in Isis' favour?? Awakened, the alarmed Nectanebo makes inquiries, and orders the temple to be finished. Alas he hires a man who proves to be a drinker and womanizer. There the story suddenly ends, but it can be deduced that because of the incompetent craftsman, the temple remains unfinished, Onuris' complaint gets granted, and Isis retracts her protection of the king. A few months later, Artaxerxes III Ochos will conquer Egypt.”

 

(as per EEF; A. Bey)

Scholars have determined that during that night between Pharmouthi 21 and 22 (i. e. July 5 and 6), 343 BC), it indeed was [a] full moon.

The two programs that I am currently using are both in agreement with July 6, 343BC being a Full Moon.  Solar Fire gives a time of 11:44'24" AM EET, and SkyMap Pro 6 gives 11:38AM as the time for opposition.  Both times are calculated for Waset (Thebes).

See ASTRONOMY; CALENDAR; HIBEH.

NEDERLANDS: science journal

We are proud to announce the new webbased Netherlands scientific journal on archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, www.PalArch.nl.The journal, working with a large, international editorial board, is unique among others because it offers freely downloadable scientific papers.Furthermore, the journal publishes monographs as well. These will notbe freely downloadable. The profit is partly invested in current research. The journal has a short publication timescale and offers all the knownadvantages of web-publishing.Although the first issue will be released officially in April 2004, we are already online, presenting papers(http://www.palarch.nl/Archaeology/papers.htm),

proceedings(http://www.palarch.nl/Proceedings/papers.htm)

and book reviews(http://www.palarch.nl/Non_scientific/papers.htm).

Finally, we invite you to submit your manuscript, book review andthe like (you can find all the details on our objectives and proceduresat http://www.palarch.nl/organisation.htm) and are looking forward to receiving your comments, suggestions etc! Best wishes,Sigrid M. van RoodeManaging editor Archaeology of Egypt/EgyptologyAndré J. VeldmeijerChairman PalArch FoundationA.J. VeldmeijerManaging editor vertebrate palaeontology www.PalArch.nl the PalArch Foundations' webbased Netherlands scientific journal.

 

NEFER RENPET: (AE; BOTD) papyrus

See [W_023] BRUXELLES.

 

[B_127,rvw] CATNYP# *OBKQ 92-6745, “The vignettes in the BOTD of Neferrenpet / by H. Milde.”, Leiden, 1991.

The study of:

P. Philadelphia E2775, 16720-22,

P. Brussels E5043,

P. London (pBM9962).

 

Nefer renpet means chisel bearer (tomb maker?)

   

NEFER-UTEN-F: (AE; BOTD) funerary papyri of

(as per E.A. Budge) See BOTD.

See P. Paris 3092.

 

 

NEFERU: (AE Queen; BOTD); tomb inscriptions

(as per E.A. Budge) See Maspero, “Recuiel”.

 

 

NEHI: (AE; BOTD) Stele of

(As per E.A. Budge) See lines from BOTD.

See work by Maspero.

 

Stele of Nehi, see:

A. Mariette:

Notice des Mon. à Boulaq, p. 190; Maspero, Recueil, t. iii., p. 195)

http://www.sacred-texts.com/egy/ebod/ebod03.htm

 

 

NEPHAROS or NEPHEROS: (Greek) papyri

See Heidelberg.

 

http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~gv0/Papyri/P.Neph.html

 

P.Neph.: Das Archiv des Nepheros und verwandte Texte

P.Neph. 1. Paulos und Tapiam an Nepheros. Ophellios und die Mitbrüder des Klosters [monastery] Hathor: (Greek; from Alexandria)

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0174

 

 

 

NEOLITHIC: human efforts

See NABTA; NAZCA

 

NESIKHONSU: (AE; BOTD) papyrus

See GREENFIELD.

 

See this link.

http://pecan.srv.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/mmbt/www/women/edwards/pharaohs/pharaohs-7.html

 

(as per E.A. Budge)

See the Priest-Kings of the Brotherhood of Amen (Amon?).

 

 

NESMIN: (AE; MK?, BOTD) papyri

(Ptolemaic) Funerary papyri = B.M. 10208 and 10209.

 

[B_032,8.5,IMG,BOTD] CATNYP# *OBKQ 76-2156

"Two Hieratic funerary papyri of Nesmin", Haikal, Fayza Mohamed Hussein (studied with Cerny), Brussels, 1970-1972.

Excellent tr. included.

 

[W_005,BOTD,rvw] WATSON# 533.5 C59. "Le papyrus de Nesmin : un Livre des morts hieroglyphique de l'epoque ptolemaique / par Jacques J. Clere.

 

Nesmin=Magician?

 

http://dia.org/bulletin/papyrus/p1.html

 

http://dia.org/bulletin/papyrus/

 

(as per M. Tilgner; EEF; 051003)

* William H. Peck, The Papyrus of Nes-Min. An Egyptian Book of the

Dead "By rare good fortune, the _Book of the Dead of Nes-min_ is in

the collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts... The long list of

sacerdotal titles associated with Nes-min and the names of his father

and mother in the 'colophon' [of the papyrus Bremner-Rhind] are of

utmost importance for the identification of the precise owner of the

Detroit papyrus. It is this genealogical evidence, as noted above, by

which the Detroit Book of the Dead can be securely connected with

the Bremner-Rhind papyrus."

http://www.dia.org/bulletin/papyrus/

 

NESPTAH: [BOTD; PTOLEMAIC] Hieroglyphic papyrus fragment

 

NESSANA: (Greek) papyri

(as per E. G. Turner) See P. COLT.

 

P.Ness.: Excavations at Nessana

P.Ness. 3.14.: (Greek; AD 505; from Nessana)

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0175

 

 

NEWMAN: college at Cambridge

(as per S. Quirke of the PETRIE Museum)

http://www.newman.ac.uk/

 

NEWTON: Sir Isaac

See CUBIT; binomial theorem.

 

Not many people know of an obscure work by the famous Sir Isaac Newton entitled:

“A Dissertation upon the Sacred Cubit of the Jews and the Cubits of several Nations: in which, from the Dimensions of the Greatest Pyramid, as taken by Mr. John Greaves, the ancient Cubit of Memphis is determined”.

Newton had an obsession of establishing the value of the “cubit” of the ancient Egyptians. This was no mere curiosity. His Theory of Gravitation was dependent on an accurate knowledge of the circumference of the earth. The only figures he currently had were the inaccurate calculations of Eratosthenes and his followers. With these figures his theory did not work out.

Newton felt that if he could find the exact length of the Egyptian “cubit”, this would allow him to find the exact length of their “stadium”, reputed by others to bear a relation to a “geographical degree”. This measurement, which he needed for his theory of gravitation, he believed to be somehow enshrined in the proportions of the Great Pyramid. Thus, he would have the necessary measurements for his Theory of Gravitation.

He used the measurements of the base of the pyramid arrived by Greaves and Burattini in his calculations. Since there was much accumulated debris at the base of the pyramid, there figures were inaccurate. Thus the false measurements of the base failed to give Newton the answer he was looking for.

http://www.gizapyramid.com/newton.htm

 

In 1638, an English mathematician named John Greaves joined by an Italian, Tito Livio Burattini, made the first European survey of the Great Pyramid. Greaves estimated the height at 499 feet (within 12 feet of correct) and the base at 693 feet (70 feet too short), but the base was still totally covered by debris at that time. Upon his return to England, Greaves discussed his findings in Egypt with many, including a Dr. William Harvey who had discovered the circulation of the blood. Dr. Harvey was surprised to learn that Greaves had not discovered any means of ventilation which would allow fresh air into the interior of the Pyramid. He insisted that some form of ventilation shafts must exist. Greaves and Burattini did, however, measure the King's Chamber very accurately and it was on the basis of these figures that Sir Isaac Newton deduced his 'profane' cubit of 20.63 inches. A cubit of this dimension was implied by the 1 : 2 proportions of the King's Chamber which suggested to Newton that it must measure 10 X 20 cubits. Newton also postulated a longer 'sacred' cubit of between 24.80 and 25.02 British inches, based on the Jewish historian Josephus's description of the circumference of the pillars of the Temple of Jerusalem. Newton was interested in the exact length of a cubit because he too was convinced that accurate geodetic information was encoded in the dimensions of the Great Pyramid, and he needed to know the size of the earth in order to test, and thus to prove, his theory of gravitation before he would publish it.

http://www.geoman.com/jim/pyramid.html

 

 

NICHOMACHUS: (Greek) mathematician

See UHN: p. 43: Nichomachus of Gerasa [Judean Pitagorist] wrote “Arithmetical Introduction.” ~150 CE

See EUCLID [B_569,HOUSE]

 

 

NILOMETERS: (with cubit based markings)

See CUBITS; HEBREW CUBITS; METROLOGY; TORAH.

 

See the nilometers of:

Kom-ombo

Edfu

Rodah/Rhoda/Roudeh..

Memphis

Philae

Elephantine (Yev?)

Aswan

Mendes

Xois

Sepphoris “Nile festival House”

Beit Shean (5-600 CE); “House of Leontis”

Tabgha ~500 CE.

See Church of the multiplying of the loaves and fish.

 

See Strabo and Diodorus Sicilus writings about NILOMETERS.

 

See the famous statue of the god Nile with 16 putti

(each a cubit high) at the Vatican Museum.

How big is a Cubit? How is it divided?

When was this statue made?

 

See CUBIT!

There are Nilometres at the temples at Abu, Iat-Rek (Philae), Djeba (Utes-Hor, Behde, Edfu), Iunyt (Esna), Kom Ombo and Iunet (Dendera). These were build through pharaonic times up until Roman times. There was even a Nilometre built during early Islamic times at el-Rhoda in Cairo, which was possibly the site of an ancient Nilometre, though it used a pillar rather than the usual steps.

http://www.thekeep.org/~kunoichi/kunoichi/themestream/inundation.html

 

NIPPUR: (Cuneiform) texts/tablets from ancient Mesopotamian city of

See also JESHO [B_380] and JCS [B_379].

http://www.achemenet.com/ressources/souspresse/stolper/MWSJCS53ONE.pdf

See article via link above:

[B_379,8.5] “Fifth Century Nippur: Texts of the Murasus and from their Surroundings.”

Matthew W. Stolper; JCS 53 (2001)

An ACHAEMENID Babylonian Archive.

Entire archive from 454-404 BCE.

With:

Agricultural contracting

Demonstrating stress and competition among the contractors.

Short term credits (math; accounts)

Investments in small joint ventures

Poorly understood legal phrases

See page four; from Year 18 of Artaxerxes;

26 September 447 BCE:

12 Gur of dates invested in a business venture by Murasu, son of Hatin, by the agency of Arad-Enlil, son of Iddina, is owed by Bel-usallim [?], son of Bassija, and Hannija, son of Iddin-Bel, and Ahusunu, servant of Iddin-Bel. In month VIII they [will pay] those 12 Gur of dates, (measured) [by] the 1-Panu measure of [?] Iddin-Bel [?], at the village of […]. [They assume warranty for one another.]

 

See witnesses listed on legal documents.

 

Footnotes of merit:

1. See unpublished Murasu text at MMA.

2. For clarification of the abbreviations, see: “The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.” (CAD)

3. Bongenaar Ebabbar = A. C. V. M. Bongenaar, “The Neo-Babylonian Ebabbar Temple at Sippar: Its Administration and Its Prosopography, Leiden, 1997.

4. Kasr texts (quantity ~65 published and 900 unpublished) found at Babylon, See: M/ W. Stolper, “Achaemenid Legal Texts from the Kasr: Interim Observations,” in Babylon: Focus mesopotamischer Geschichte [NYPL], Wiege fruher Gelehrsamkeit, Mythos in der Moderne, ed. J. Renger, Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 2 (Saarbrucken Druckerei und Verlag, 1999) 365-69.

5. Sub archive of Murasus: Nies and Berkeley texts.

6. “Hilprecht Bequest” of tablets on permanent loan to University of Pennsylvania Museum.

7. See: “Istanbul Murasu Texts.” [NYPL]

 

No noticable fee for loan interest is noted in these texts.

Interest might have been disguised in the inate METROLOGY of the agreements.

 

See ACHAEMENID; METROLOGY; ENUMA ANU ENLIL.

 

[B_451=O_019,8.5,IMG]

CATNYP# *OCN+ (Pennsylvania University. Babylonian Expedition. Babylonian Expedition of the University. Cuneiform texts)

Library has v.1 – v. 29, no. 1 incomplete [but see TAPS vol. XVIII, no. 1, 3]

BOBST# PJ 3711 .P41 1893 Oversize Bobst Library holdings less complete.

See BOBST Archive: O 1

“The Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania : Series A : Cuneiform texts / edited by H. V. Hilprecht.”

Pennsylvania, 11893-1914.

Volume 20, part one includes Metrological tables and tables of squares and square roots! Math.

See also PENNSYLVANIA

See also [B_430]=TAPS; “Babylonian Horoscopes.”

 

NU: (AE 18^th Dyn; BOTD)

See BOTD; ANI

[B_507,rvw] CATNYP# *OBKQ+ 97-736

“The Papyrus of NU: Catalog of Books of the Dead in the British Museum Volume I.”

By Gunther Lapp with a contribution by T. Schneider, British Museum Press, London, 1997.

Within summer 2002, OXBOW catalog [B_332 alt]

 

NUBIA: (African) land of plenty (of cheap labor)

[B_346,rvw] CATNYP# Sc E 82-44

“Some Nubian petroglyphs on Czechoslovak concessions : rock drawings of (I) foot and sandal prints, (II) symbols and signs, and (III) erotica from Czechoslovak  concessions in Nubia / Miroslav Verner.”

Praha : Universita Karlova, 1973.

See [B_347 and B_348, by Verner]

 

[B_349,rvw] CATNYP# *OBL+ 81-2231

“The Rock inscriptions of Lower Nubia (Czechoslovak concession) / by Zybnek Zaba ; with contributions by Fritz Hintze (Meriotic and Carian inscriptions), Latin inscriptions and those in Greek contributed by the author ; followed by a paleography of the Ancient Egyptian rock texts here published, by Zybnek Zaba and Miroslav Verner.”

Prague: Unversita Karlova, 1974.

 

[B_350,rvw] CATNYP# *OBL+ 94-1135 Library has: Lfg. 1.

“Corpus antiquitatum Aegyptiacarum. Tschechoslowakei ; Lose-Blatt-Katalog

agyptischer Altertumer : CAA.”

Praha : Universita Karlova, 1982-?

Add’l name: Miroslav Verner! See also ABU SIR.

 

http://www.nubianet.org/home/index.html

 

 

NUMBERS: had enough?

*With the following you may learn to pronounce the numbers as I do.

**With a Brooklyn accent.

 

See also this impressive link:

http://www.zompist.com/numbers.shtml

 

Albanian: (as per T. Sarandeva) Spelled and/ or (alt) phonetic

Zero                  =?

 

One                  =IA (Yah as inYahoo)

Two                  =Du (Doo)

Three                =Tre (Tray)

Four                  =Coter?

Five                  =Pass?

Six                   =Josht?

Seven               =Shtot?

Eight                 =Tit?

Nine                  =Naught?

Ten                   =Lit?

*Note two distinct dialects: Gheg and Tosk?

**Neither of these dialects is clearly shown above but see Bashky and see ZOMPIST link above.

 

Albanian: (as per Bashky; Janitor @ 135 E. 57^th; 032603)

English =[my] Phonetic

 

Zero      =?

One      =Nhi [or Nyi or Nji]

Two      =Du [or Doo]

Three    =Tree

Four      =Katre [or Khatter]

Five      =Paise [or Payse]

Six       =Just

Seven   =Shtat [or Shtaht]

Eight     =Tait

Nine      =Nant

Ten       =Daat [more often? Rhee-etah]

Again, this does not agree with the zompist link!

Albanian (012605, as per Avdi Rexhaj of Kosovo - at the D&D building)
Phoenetic only, note short last syllables
See similar as per Bashky above.

 

Zero=Zehroh
One=Neeyah

Two=Dooh (see HINDI, ORDU)
Three=Trehh
Four=Kahtr (see FRENCH)
Five=Pahss
Six=Josht
Seven=Shtaht
Eight=Tayht (see ENGLISH!)
Nine=Nohnt
Ten=Reht
20=Diz-reht (two tens)
30=Tree-reht
40=Kahtr-reht
50=Pahss-reht
60=Josht-reht
70=Shtaht-reht
80=Tayht-reht
90=Nohnt-reht
100=Nee-chin
200=Dooh-chin
300=Treh-chin

356=Treh-chin Pahss-reht Josht = 300 + 50 + 6

 

Anglo-Saxon: (as per [B_359]; IFRAH)

Zero=?

 

One=An

Two=Twegen

Three=Pri

Four=Feower

Five=Fif

Six=Six

Seven=Seofou

Eight=Eahta

Nine=Nigon

Ten=Tyn

Eleven=Endleofan

Twelve=Twelf

20=Twentig

30=Thritig

40=Feowertig

50=Fiftig

60=Sixtig

70=Hund-seofontig

80=Hund-eahtatig

90=Hund-nigontig

100=Hund-teontig

1000=Thusund

 

Api: (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359])

*Base 5!; from New Hebrides; Oceania

1                      =Tai

2                      =Lua

3                      =Tolu

4                      =Vari

5                      =Luna (literally “the hand”)

6                      =Otai

7                      =Olua

8                      =Otolu

9                      =Ovari

10                     =Lualuna (“two hands”)

11                     =Lualuna tai (Two hands [+] one)

12                     =Lualuna lua

13                     =Lualuna tolu

14                     =Lualuna vari

15                     =Toluluna

16                     =Toluluna tai

17                     =Toluluna lua

 

Arabic: (as per S. Elyamin and others; NYC)

Zero                  =Sifir [A root of Lucifer?]

 

One                  =Wa-he

Two                  =Itnane

Three                =Telata

Four                  =Ar-bah

Five                  =Khum-seh

Six                   =Sit-ta

Seven               =Sebaa

Eight                 =Temaniah

Nine                  =Tiz-ah

Ten                   =Asherah

Eleven               =Heed-asher

Twelve               =Itnasher

Thirteen =Telet-asher

Fourteen           =Arbah-tasher

Fifteen              =Khumst-asher

Sixteen             =Seh-tasher

Seventeen         =Sebab-asher

Eighteen           =Toh-man-tasher

Nineteen           =Tiz-ah-tasher

Twenty              =Rish-reen

Thirty                =Telateen

Forty                 =Arbah-een

Fifty                  =Khum-seen

Fifty-six             =(6+50)=Sit-ta Khum-seen

Sixty                 =Sit-een

Seventy =Sebaa-een

Eighty               =Temaneen

Ninety               =Tiz-eh-een

A Hundred         =Mia (as in Farrow)

200                   =Mia-tan

300                   =Theh-latheh-mia

356                   =(6+50+300)=Sit-ta Khum-seen Theh-latheh-mia

400                   =Arbah-mia

500                   =Khum-seh-mia

600                   =Sit-eh-mia

700                   =Sebaa-mia

800                   =Teh-mahn-E-ah-mia

900                   =Tiz-ah-mia

a Thousand       =Alf

10,000              =Asher-alf

a Million            =Mil-‘yon (obviously modern)

See UHN: p. 244 note two arabic alphabetical numeration systems from the east and from the Maghreb

See UHN: p. 137: ARABIC

G. IFRAH “…it should be noted, the units are always put before the tens: 57, for example, is sab’un wa khamsuna (“seven and fifty”), as in German (seibenundfunfzig) See UGARIT

 

Ashanti: (Ghana West Africa across from the Ivory Coast)

(as per Maxwell Agyemang; Security @ 135 E. 57^th; 032103)

English =[my] Phonetic

 

Zero      =?

One      =Ah-Kwuhr

Two      =Ay-Beayn

Three    =Ay-Bassah

Four      =Ah-Nan

Five      =Ay-Noom

Six       =Ay-Seah

Seven   =Ay-Suhn

Eight     =Ah-Wur-Kree

Nine      =Ah-Kuh-Nohn

Ten       =Ee-Doo

Eleven   =?

Twelve   =?

20         =Ee-Doo Ay-Beayn [10 x 2]

30         =Ee-Doo Ay-Bassah [10 x 3]

40         =Ee-Doo Ah-Nan [10 x 4]

50         =Ee-Doo Ay-Noom [10 x 5]

60         =Ee-Doo Ay-Seah [10 x 6]

70         =Ee-Doo Ay-Suhn [10 x 7]

80         =Ee-Doo Ah-Wur-Kree [10 x 8]

90         =Ee-Doo Ah-Kuh-Nohn [10 x 9]

100       =?

(as per Maxwell Agyemang; Security @ 135 E. 57^th; 033103)

How are you? = Oh-hoteh-szayn

[Reply 1] Bokuhr=Good

[Reply 2] Ayeh=Okay

[Alternate reply for a friend] Mee-Mee Bokuhr Pa-Pahp [loosely-"everything's rosey"]

 

1                      =Ishteen

2                      =Sita, Sina

3                      =Shalashu

4                      =Erbettu

5                      =Khamshu

6                      =Sheshshu

7                      =Seebu

8                      =Shamanu

9                      =Teshu

10                     =Eshru, Esheret

20                     =Eshra

30                     =Shalasha

40                     =Arba

50                     =Khamsha

60                     =Shushshu, Shushi

70                     =?

80                     =?

90                     =?

100                   =Me’atu

200                   =Sita metin

300                   =Shalash me’at

356                   = Shalash me’at khamsha sheshshu (300+50+6)

1000                 =lim

2000                 =Sina lim

3000                 =Shalashat limi

10000               =Esheret lim

20000               =Eshra lim

100,000 =Me’at lim

200,000 =Sita metin lim (2 x 100 x 1000)

1,000,000          =Lim-lim

 

Aztec (Ancient*): (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359]; Codex Mendoza)

*Vigesimal!

1                      =Ce

2                      =Ome

3                      =Yey

4                      =Naui

5                      =Chica (or Macuilli)

6                      =Chica-ce (5+1)

7                      =Chica-ome

8                      =Chica-ey

9                      =Chica-naui

10                     =Matlactli

11                     =Matlactli-on-ce (10 and 1)

12                     =Matlactli-on-ome

13                     =Matlactli-on-yey

14                     =Matlactli-on-naui

15                     =Caxtulli

16                     =Caxtulli-on-ce

17                     =Caxtulli-on-ome

18                     =Caxtulli-on-yey

19                     =Caxtulli-on-naui

20                     =Cem-poualli (one score=20)

30                     =Cem-poualli-on-matlactli (20+10)

40                     =Ome-poualli (two score=40)

50                     =Ome-poualli-on-matlactli (40+10)

100                   =Macuil-poualli (five score)

200                   =Matlactli-poualli (ten score)

300                   =Caxtulli-poualli (fifteen score)

400                   =Cen-tzuntli (One “scored-score” = 20 x 20)

800                   =Ome-tzuntli (Two “scored-scores” = 2 x 20 x 20)

1200                 =Yey-tzuntli (Three “scored-scores” = 3 x (20^2))

8000                 =Cen-xiquipilli (One “score” ^ 3)

 

Basque: (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359])

*Obscure mixture of Decimal and Vigesimal remnants.

One                  =Bat

Two                  =Bi, Biga, Bida

Three                =Hiru, Hirur

Four                  =Lau, Laur

Five                  =Bost, Bortz

Six                   =Sei

Seven               =Zazpi

Eight                 =Zortzi

Nine                  =Bederatzi

Ten                   =Hamar

Eleven               =Hamaika

Twelve               =Hamabi

Thirteen             =Hamahiru

Fourteen           =Hamalau

Fifteen              =Hamabost

Sixteen             =Hamasei

Seventeen         =Hamazazpi

Eighteen           =Hamazortzi

Nineteen           =Hemeretzi

Twenty              =Hogei

Thirty                =Hogeitabat

Forty                 =Berrogei

Fifty                  =Berrogei-tamar

Sixty                 =Hirurogei

Seventy =Hirurogei-tamar

Eighty               =Laurogei

Ninety               =Laurogei-tamar

One hundred      =Ehun

One Thousand   =Mila

See Breton; Irish and Welsh.

 

(as per Ahmed; NYC Cabby)

BENGALI:

How are you=Toomee kemo achow

[Reply] Good=Bahloh

See ORDU; HINDI

Breton: (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359])

*Vigesimal remnants; like French (quatre-vingt)

One                  =Eun

Two                  =Diou

Three                =Tri

Four                  =Pevar

Five                  =Pemp

Six                   =Chouech

Seven               =Seiz

Eight                 =Eiz

Nine                  =Nao

Ten                   =Dek

Eleven               =Unnek (1+10)

Twelve               =Daou-zek (2+10)

Thirteen =Tri zek

Fourteen           =Pevar-zek

Fifteen              =Pem-zeK

Sixteen             =Choue-zek

Seventeen         =Seit-zek

Eighteen           =Eiz-zek (or Tri-ouech=3 x 6!)

Nineteen           =Naou-zek

Twenty              =Ugent

Thirty                =Tregont

Forty                 =Daou-ugent (2 x 20)

Fifty                  =Hanter-kant (half 100)

Sixty                 =Tri ugent (3 x 20)

Seventy =Dek ha tri-ugent (10 and three twenties)

Eighty               =Pevar-ugent (4 x 20)

Ninety               =Dek ha pevar-ugent (10 and four twenties)

One hundred      =Kant

One Thousand   =Mil

See Irish and Welsh.

 

Bugilai: (as per G. Ifrah; J. Chalmers; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for corresponding body gestures/ determinatives.

[From territory formerly known as British New Guinea]

1          tarangesa

2          meta kina

3          guigimeta kina

4          topea

5          manda

6          gaben

7          trankgimbe

8          podei

9          ngama

10         dala

See Papuan; Zuni

 

Bulgarian: (as per T. Sarandeva) Spelled/ (alt) phonetic

Zero                  =?

 

One                  =Edno/ Ed-noh

Two                  =Dve / Dveh

Three                =Tri / Tree

Four                  =Chetiry / Cheh tee rhi

Five                  =Pet

Six                   =Shest

Seven               =Sedem

Eight                 =Osem

Nine                  =Devet

Ten                   =Deset

Eleven               =Edee-na-deset

 

Chinese (Cantonese):

See UHN: p. 267: GUAN ZI (official writing) chinese elaborate system written like classic Kaishu

See UHN: p. 265 add myriad in CHINESE = wan

 

 

(also as per William; UTOG)

0=Lin

 

1=Ya

2=Ee

3=San

4=Seyh

5=Un

6=Loh

7=Tah

8=Ba

9=Kow

10=Sah

 

100=Ya-PAah

1000=Ya-Ptee

2000=Ee-Chinh (See 1000 in Mandarin)

3000=San-Chinh

 

Chinese (Mandarin): (as per M. Gonzalez; BGT)

Zero                  =?

 

One                  =Yi

Two                  =Are

Three                =San (see Japanese = San)

Four                  =Suh

Five                  =Woo

Six                   =Li-oo

Seven               =Chee (see Japanese = Ah-chee)

Eight                 =Baa

Nine                  =Jee-oo

Ten                   =Shuh

 

Chinese (Mandarin):

(somewhat alternate soundings, as per Sing Cong; UTOG)

1=Ee

2=Ahr

3=San

4=Sil or (Suh)

5=Oo-wh

6=Li-oh

7=Chee

8=Baa

9=Jiowh

10=Shunh

11=(10+1)=Shunh-Ee

12=Shunh-Ahr

20=Ahr-she

30=San-she

40=Suh-she

50=Woo-she

60=Li-oh-she

70=Chee-she

80=Baa-she

90=Jiowh-she

100=Ee Pai

356=San Pai Oowh-she Li-oo (300+50+6)

1000=Ee Chen

 

Chinese (Mandarin):

(also somewhat alternate sounding,as per William; UTOG)

[Note William is Chinese from Shanghai.]

0=Leh

 

1=Eee

2=Ehr

3=San

4=Souh

5=Wu

6=Li-uh

7=Chee

8=Baa

9=Cheowh

10=Chuh

 

100=Eee Pai

1000=Eee Chinh

2000=Er-Chinh

 

1/2=Eee Pahn

1.5?=Her Fuhn Su’Eee [and also?]=Eee Koaw

1/3=San Fuhn Su’Eee [as in: one part of the three parts]

 

Coptic:  English=bad tr. of Masculine forms

 

Zero=?

One=Oya [See ARABIC; WAHE]

Two=Cndy [See ARABIC; ITNANE]

Three=womnt

Four=ytooy

Five=toy

Six=cooy

Seven=cdwy

Eight=Wmoyn

Nine=Yit, Yic

Ten=Mht

Eleven=Mntoye

Twelve=Mntcnooyc

Thirteen=Mntwomte

14=mntdyte

15=Mnth

16=Mntdce

17=Mntcdwy(e)

18=Mntwmhne

19=?

20=Xoywt

(as per Poul Weis; 090403)
DANISH (similar to Swedish and Norwegian)
1 Een [En]
2 Tooh [To]
3 Tray [Tre]
4 Fear [Fire]
5 Fem [Fem]
6 Sex [Seks]
7 Sooh [Syu]
8 Ohdeh [Otte]
9 Knee (short) [Ni]
10 Tee (short) [Ti]
11 Aylebeh
12 Tuhrl (short)
13 Totten
14 Fee-ohten
15 Fin-tuhn
16 Syse-tuhn
17 Sooh-tuhn
18 Eht-tun
19 Nit-tun
20 Tooveh
21 Een oh tooveh [1 AND 20]
30 Trahlvah
40 Fuhhr
50 Heltresse [?! = half tresse?; half of 60?]
[020504-thought: half (a score_20) less than 60]

 

60 Tresse
70 Helfiesse [?! = half of 80?]
[020504-thought: half (a score of 20) less than 80]

 

80 Fiesse
90 Hel-phips [?! = half of 180?; something circular or vigesimal or sexagesimal?]
100 Hoonoleh
200 Tooh-hoonel
1000 Toosendt
2000 Toh-toosendt
356 [my guess] Sex oh heltresse tray hoonel
1/2 Helv (short)
1/3 Trellyadeehl [the third part]

 

Egyptian [AE]: (as per L. Bailey, B. Lumpkin et al)

Zero=Nfr (good, beautiful, complete)

One=w’ (w), w’t, [wHd] –see (Wahe) ARABIC and (Echad) HEBREW

Two=sn(wy), [Tny] –see (Itnane) ARABIC

Three=xmt(w)

Four=fdw

Five=diw

Six=srsw, sisw, [SdT]

Seven=sfx(w) [Sb’] –see (Sebaa) ARABIC

Eight=xmn(w) [Tmn] –see (Temaniah) ARABIC

Nine=psD(w) [TS’] –see (Tiz-eh) ARABIC, (Tayshe) HEBREW.

Ten=mD(w)

20=?

30=m’b3

40=Hm

50=diyw

60=sr(syw)

70=sfx(yw)

80=xmn(yw)

90=ppsDyw

100=St

1000=x3

10,000=Db’

100,000=Hfn

1,000,000=HH

 

See UHN: p. 403; fig 24.77 on hieratic numerals relationship to early Khmer numerals in that a dot is added to make 200 of 100.

p. 380 see fig 24.75; Nagari figure for 7 looks like 12^th AE dynasty hieratic.p. 378 see fig 24.29 Brahmi figure for 6 looks like 18^th AE dynasty hieratic.

See UHN: p. 168 AE:

20=m’b’=m’aba’

1000=kha

Nine=psD(w) [TS’] –see (Tiz-eh) ARABIC, (Tayshe) HEBREW.=Psedje?

See also POLISH 9= Nine=Dgeviench

Finnish: (as per friend? of J. Gonzalez; BGT)

Zero                  =Nolla               =Noh-lah

 

One                  =Yksi                =Ook-see

Two                  =Kaksi              =Kok-see

Three                =Kolme             =Kohl-meh

Four                  =Nelja               =Nell-yah (a as in apple)

Five                  =Viisi                =Vee-see

Six                   =Kuusi              =Koo-see

Seven               =Seitseman       =Sayit-sehman

Eight                 =Kahdeksan      =Kahdecksan

Nine                  =Ydeksan         =Oohdecksan

Ten                   =Kymmennen    =Koommennen

 

100                   =Sata               =Sahtah

 

French: (as per six years of my poor adolescent study habits)

One                  =Un

Two                  =Deux

Three                =Trois

Four                  =Quatre

Five                  =Cinque

Six                   =Six

Seven               =Sept

Eight                 =Huit

Nine                  =Neuf

Ten                   =Dix

Eleven               =Onze

Twelve               =Douze

Thirteen =Treize

Fourteen           =Quatorze

Fifteen              =Quinze

Sixteen             =Seize

Seventeen         =Dix-Sept

Eighteen           =Dix-Huit

Nineteen           =Dix-Neuf

Twenty              =Vingt

Thirty                =Trente

Forty                 =Quarante

Fifty                  =Cinquante

Sixty                 =Soixante

Seventy =Soixante-dix [sexagesimal influences?]

Eighty               =Quatre-Vingt [vegesimal influences?]

Ninety               =Quatre-Vingt dix

A Hundred         =Cent

200                   =Deux Cent

1000                 =Mille

 

German: (as per the R. Fischer; on the train to Prague; my phonetics)

Zero=?

 

One=Einz

Two=Zwei

Three=Drei

Four=Fear

Five=Fumph

Six=Zex

Seven=Zeben

Eight=Oct

Nine=Nun

Ten=Tzen

Eleven=Elf

Twelve=Twelf

Thirteen=Dreizehn          =Dtry-tzen

Fourteen=Vierzehn         =Fvear-tzen

Fifteen=Funfzhen           =Fumnph-tzen

Sixteen=Sechszehn       =Zex-tzen

Seventeen=Siebzehn      =Szeben-tzen

Eighteen=Achtzehn        =Okt-tzen

Nineteen=Neunzehn       =Nun-tzen

20=Zwei-tzig

30=Drei-tzig

40=Fear-tzig

50=Fumph-tzig

60=Zex-tzig

70=Zeben-tzig

80=Okt-tzig

90=Nun-tzig

 

German: (as per G. IFRAH; [B_359])

Zero=?

 

One=Eins                      Einz

Two=Zwei

Three=Drei

Four=Vier                      Fear

Five=Funf                      Fumph

Six=Sechs                    Zex

Seven=Siben                 Zeben

Eight=Acht                    Oct

Nine=Neun                    Nun

Ten=Zehn                      Tzen

Eleven=Elf

Twelve=Zwolf                 Twelf?

Thirteen=Dreizehn          =Dtry-tzen

Fourteen=Vierzehn         =Fvear-tzen

Fifteen=Funfzhen           =Fumnph-tzen

Sixteen=Sechszehn       =Zex-tzen

Seventeen=Siebzehn      =Szeben-tzen

Eighteen=Achtzehn        =Okt-tzen

Nineteen=Neunzehn       =Nun-tzen

20=Zwanzig                   Zwei-tzig

30=DreiBig                    Drei-tzig

40=Vierzig                     Fear-tzig

50=Funfzig                    Fumph-tzig

60=Sechzig                   Zex-tzig

70=Siebzig                    Zieb-tzig

80=Achtzig                    Okt-tzig

90=Neunzig                   Nun-tzig

100=Hundert

1000=Tausund               Thusund

See Old High German!

 

(as per Sandra at HBN; 091003)
GERMAN: updt
20: Zwantzig
1000: Towzend
2000: Zwei towzend
356: Try Hundred Sex und Funfzig
1/2: Ein Halp
1/3: Ein Firtle
[to make a good toast at a German bar: “Choste”]

[Old High] German: (as per B_359; IFRAH)

Zero=?

 

One=Ein

Two=Zwene

Three=Dri

Four=Vier

Five=Funf

Six=Sehs

Seven=Siben

Eight=Acte

Nine=Niun

Ten=Zehan

Eleven=Einlif

Twelve=Zwelif

20=Zwein-zug

30=Driz-zug

40=Fior-zug

50=Finf-zug

60=Sehs-zug

70=Sibun-zo

80=Ahto-zo

90=Niun-zo

100=Zehan-zo

1000=Dusent

 

Gothic: (as per [B_359], G. IFRAH))

One                  ains

Two                  twa

Three                preis

Four                  fidwoor

Five                  fimf

Six                   saihs

Seven               sibun

Eight                 ahtau

Nine                  niun

Ten                   taihun

11=ain-lif

12=twa-lif

20=twai-tigjus

30=threo-tigjus

40=fidwor-tigjus

50=fimf-tigjus

60=saihs-tigjus

70=sibunt-ehund

80=ahtaut-ahund

90=niunt-ehund

100=taihun-taihund

1000=thusundi

 

Greek (Ancient): See SEPTUAGINT; NYU; KARANIS

1st = prohtoh

“a cubit and a half” = peehohn kai eemeesoose

2nd = thefterohn

Two = deeoh

“Two cubits and a half” = peehohn duo eemeesoose

Three = treece

Three = treeohn

Triple = triplayh

Four = tessaress

Five = pendeh

Six = ecks

“reed of six cubits” = kalahmoh peehohn ex

Seven = ehptah

Eight = oktoh

10th = thekatoh

Ten = thekah

Twelve = thodekah

Thirteen = thekatriohn

14th = tessareskaithekatoh

Fourteen = thekahtessarohn

Twenty = eekosee

Twenty-five=eekosee kai pendeh = 20 and 5

25th = pempton kai eikostoh

Forty = tesserahkondah

Fifty = Pehnteekhohnda

Seventy = ehbthomahkondah?

Ninety = Esessehkondah?

100 = eckatohn

180=Twice ninety = treeahkohndah treese theese [(30 x 3) x 2]

500 = penthehkoseeose

 

GREEK (modern): (as per M. Cherepuhin; HPS)

[if two shown; RURAL/ URBAN]

[Tabbed alternates by N. Kiskinis]

One                  =Eh-na              =Enna

Two                  =Theo               =De-oh (see Russian)

Three                =Treah              =Tria

Four                  =The-se-rah       =Tesserah

Five                  =Pendeh           =Bed-eh

Six                   =Exy                =Exy

Seven               =Eptah/Eftah     =Etta

Eight                 =Ohkto             =Okhtoh

Nine                  =Enya/En-ayah  =En-air

Ten                   =Theh-ka           =Deka

Eleven               =En-deh-kah

Twelve               =Thoh-deh-kak

Thirteen =Theh-kah-tria

Fourteen           =Theh-kah-the-se-rah

Fifteen              =Theh-kah-pendeh

Sixteen             =Theh-kah-exy

Seventeen         =Theh-kah-eftah

Eighteen           =Theh-kah-ohkto

Nineteen           =Theh-kah-en-ayah

Twenty              =Ecoseh

Thirty                =Treyandah

Forty                 =Sahrandah

Fifty                  =Penendah

Sixty                 =Exeendah

Seventy =Ev-thoh-mindah

Eighty               =Ogh-thondah

Ninety               =Eh-neh-neendah

A Hundred         =Ehkahtoh

200                   =Thyah-koh-seah

300                   =Treah-koh-seah

400                   =Teh-tra-koh-seah

500                   =Pen-da-koh-seah

600                   =Exsa-koh-seah

700                   =Ef-ta-koh-seah

800                   =Ochta-koh-seah/Ofta-koh-seah

900                   =Enyah-koh-seah

a Thousand       =Hee-lee-ah [means “lips”]

10,000              =Theh-kah-hee-lee-ah-thess

a Million            =Ehka-toh-mee-rioh

 

and:

Zilch                 =Mee-then-eekos

Thousands        = Hee-lee-ah-thess

 

[also as per N. Kiskinis]

Single=Mono

Double=Diploh

Triple=Triploh

 

Greek additions:(as per my analysis of Karanis plate 20 from [O_020] with help from Perseus link.

Five auroras = Pente auroura

One fourth = tetartona

One eighth = ogdoon

One sixteenth = hekkaidekaton [six and tenth = 1/16]

One Sixty-fourth = tetrakaiexêkoston [four and sixtieth = 1/64]

And [as in +] = Kai

Epi = [at hand] i.e. ready

Hebrew: (remnants of a full decade of daydreaming in class)

One                  =Echadt

Two                  =Shtay(im)

Three                =Shalosh

Four                  =Ar-bah (see Aramaic/Akkadian/Arabic)

Five                  =Chamaysh

Six                   =Shaysh (see Russian)

Seven               =Sheh-ba/Sheh-va

Eight                 =Shmo-neh

Nine                  =Tay-shah

Ten                   =Ess-er

11                     =Echadt-esreh

12                                         =Shtay-esreh

13                     =Sh[a]losh-esreh

14                     =Ar-bah-esreh

15*                   =Chamaysh-esreh

16*                   =Shaysh-esreh

17                     =Sheba-esreh

18                     =Shmo-neh-esreh

19                     =Tayshe-esreh

20                     =Eshrim (literally [pair of] “tens”)

30                     =Shloshim

40                     =Arbah-yim

50                     =Hamishim

60                     =Shishim

70                     =Shibim

80                     =Shmonim

90                     =Tishim

100                   =Me-ah

200                   =Ma-tayim

300                   =Shlosh-meote

356                   =Shlosh-meote hamishim shaysh (300+50+6)

1000                 =Elef

2000                 =Alpayim

3000                 =Shloshet elefim

10000               =Aseret elefim

20000               =Eshrim elef

30000               =Shloshim elef (30 x 1000)

 

*10000              =Ribo (myriad or multitude; archaic*)

Similar to ancient Elamite (Ribab)

Similar to ancient Mari (Ribbatum)

Similar to ancient Ugaritic (Rb(b)t)

*30000              =Shalosh Ribot (archaic*) [3 x 10000]

 

The Hebrew use of numerals to represent “15” is usually shown by (9+6) to avoid the name of God with (10+5).

 

The Hebrew use of numerals to represent “16” is usually shown

by (9+7) to avoid the name of God with (10+6).

See ASTARTE; DERVENI; GEMATRIA.

 

See UHN: p. 136:

HEBREW

“what is unusual is that for all numbers from 3, the number-adjective is feminine if the noun is masculine, and masculine if the noun is feminine.”

 

See UHN: p. 255: fig. 20.29:HEBREW LETTER NUMBERS (AS USED IN MODERN PAGE NUMERATIONS; much like Milesian Accounting)

ALEPH = 1

BET = 2

GIMEL = 3

DALET = 4

HE = 5

VOV = 6

ZAYIN = 7

HET = 8

TET = 9

YOD = 10

KOF = 20

LAMED = 30

MEM = 40

NUN = 50

SAMEKH = 60

AYIN = 70

PE = 80

TSADE = 90

QUF = 100

RESH = 200

SHIN = 300

TAV = 400

 

See UHN: p. 136-7 see hebrew and arabic expounded and word for myriad=riboh see alts in ugaritic…also p. 140 see up to 1 million in assyro-babylonian. Also p. 144-5 , mari nos

 

Hindi: mixed and similar to: Ordu/Urdu/Bengali/Punjabi/Gujerati:

(as per NY City’s finest cab drivers)

Zero                  =?

One                  =Ek/ Aik/ Eg/ Egg

Two                  =Doh/ Do/ Duay

Three                =Tay/ Teen

Four                  =Char/ Chay

Five                  =Ponch/ Panch

Six                   =Shay/ Chay

Seven               =Sot/ Saat

Eight                 =Ot/ Aat

Nine                  =Noh/ Nau

Ten                   =Dose/ Das

Eleven               =Yarah

Twelve               =Barah

Thirteen =Terah

Fourteen           =Cho-del

Fifteen              =Pendreh

Sixteen             =So-lah

Seventeen         =Starah or Satrah

Eighteen         =Otahrah

Nineteen         =Uni

Twenty         =Beesz or Visz

Thirty-two          =Buttee(s) [METROLOGICAL; base 2?]

Fifty-four            =Chow uhn

Sixty-four          =Chown-surt [or] Chownt [METROLOGICAL; base 2?]

Sixty-five           =Pen-surt

Sixty-six           =Chah-surt

Sixty-seven       =Sahl-surt

Sixty-eight         =Ahr-surt

Seventy             =Kchocktuhr or also [Bengali; chokyoo]

a Hundred         =Sol

a Thousand       =Hazan

 

(as per Ahmed; NYC Cabby)

Hindi:

22=Too Beez or Bah Eez

356=Tin Shut Chappan

or Tin Sol Chappan

200=Doh Sol

(as per Faisal; NYC Cabby)

How are you? [to a stranger] = Keyah Hollay

How are you? [to a friend or family] = Gessayoh

Response [to a stranger] = Tigeh

Response [to a friend or family] = Achownh

Thanks = Showkruhn

HOUSAH: [African/primary language of Niger]:

(as per Garba Mahaman; NYC Cabby; 011304):

Note: all pronunciations are short and fast!

* See FANTE [FANTI];

Zero ?

One =Ayahr (or Goodah)

Two =Beeoo

Three =Ookoo

Four =Foodoo

Five =Beeayhr

Six =Shinda

Seven =Bokoi

Eight =Tacosse

Nine =Tarah

Ten =Goomah (same as Ashanti)=Shiroo

Thank you = Nowgoodee

 

 

Hungarian: (as per Wendy; British Airways)

One                  =Edda

Two                  =Ketto

Three                =Harum/ Charum

Four                  =Nage/ Nedj

Five                  =Ot/ Ot-eh

Six                   =Hot

Seven               =Hate

Eight                 =Nyoltz

Nine                  =Kee-lenz

Ten                   =Teez

Eleven               =Tizenegy

http://dictionaries.travlang.com/EnglishHungarian/

 

Inuit: Eskimo language

Inuktitut/Inuit/Eskimo=raw meat eaters numerals

? Base 20 like the Mayan?

Tik = index finger = one?

 

1= Atawsik

2= Marluk

3= Pingasut=?to the middle finger

4= Sitamat

5= Tallimat

6= Arvinilik

7= ? Aypak

8= Pingasunik=?to the middle finger of the other hand

9= Klingootailat

10= Kwlit

see the ICC ; resolution 98-09

 

Baillargeon, Richard, Gérard Noelting, Louis-Jacques Dorais, and Bernard Saladin D'Anglure. 1977. Aspects semantiques et structuraux de la numération chez les Inuit. Études Inuit 1: 93-128.

http://phrontistery.50megs.com/nnsbib.html

 

Irish: (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359])

*Vigesimal remnants; like French (quatre-vingt)

One                  =Oin

Two                  =Da

Three                =Tri

Four                  =Cethir

Five                  =Coic

Six                   =Se

Seven               =Secht

Eight                 =Ocht

Nine                  =Noi

Ten                   =Deich

Eleven               =Oin deec (1+10)

Twelve               =Da deec (2+10)

Thirteen =Tri deec

Fourteen           =Cethir deec

Fifteen              =Coic deec

Sixteen             =Se deec

Seventeen         =Secht deec

Eighteen           =Ocht deec

Nineteen           =Noi deec

Twenty              =Fiche

Thirty                =Deich ar fiche (10 and 20)

Forty                 =Da fiche (2 x 20)

Fifty                  =Deich ar dafiche (10 and two twenties)

Sixty                 =Tri fiche (3 x 20)

Seventy =Deich ar tri fiche (10 and three twenties)

Eighty               =Ceithri fiche (4 x 20)

Ninety               =Deich ar ceithri fiche (10 and four twenties)

One hundred      =Cet

One Thousand   =Mile

See Breton and Welsh.

 

Italian:  English            =Italian              =[my] Phonetic

 

Zero      =Zero                =Tseh-ro

One      =Uno                =Oo-noh

Two      =Due                =Doo-eh

Three    =Tre                  =Treh

Four      =Quattro           =Koo-att-roh

Five      =Cinque            =Cheen-kooeh

Six       =Sei                 =Seh-E

Seven   =Sette              =Set-teh

Eight     =Otto                =OHT-toh

Nine      =Nove               =No-veh

Ten       =Dieci               =Dee-eh-chee

Eleven   =Undici             =Oon-dee-chee

Twelve   =Dodici             =Doh-dee-chee

20         =Venti

30         =Trenta

40         =Quaranta

50         =Cinquanta

60         =Sessanta

70         =Settanta

80         =Oottanta

90         =Novanta

100       =Cento

1000     =Mille

Japanese:(as per A. Heyman; BGT)

Zero                  =?

One                  =Eech

Two                  =Knee

Three                =San (see Chinese = San)

Four                  =Chee (see Polish = Tchery)

Five                  =Roko

Six                   =Oko

Seven               =Ah-chee

Eight                 =Coo-chee

Nine                  =Coo

Ten                   =Joo

 

Japanese:(as per Billy and Hanako Randazzo)

Zero                  =?

One                  =Eechee

Two                  =Knee

Three                =San (see Chinese = San)

Four                  =Shee (or Yone)

Five                  =Go

Six                   =Rahku

Seven               =Shee-chee (or Nanah)

Eight                 =Ha-chee

Nine                  =Q

Ten                   =Gzu

11                     =Gzu Eechee (10+1)

12                     =Gzu Knee (10+2)

20                     =Knee Gzu (two tens)

30                     =San Gzu (three tens)

31                     =San Gzu Eechee (three tens, one)

100                   =He-ah-ku

200                   =Knee He-ah-ku

1000                 =San

356                   =San He-ah-ku Go Gzu Rahku

(three hundreds, five tens, six)

 

See UHN: p. 276 japanese avoid (superstition) number 4 called “shi” in Sino-Japanese which has the same sound as the name for death.  Instead they use pure japanese name “yo”.

 

See UHN: p. 274: JAPANESE 10000 myriad = “man”

 

See UHN: p. 273 fig. 21.26 pure japanese

1=hi-

2=fu-

3=mi-

4=yo-

5=itsu-

6=mu-

7=nana-

8=ya-

9=kokono-

10=to-

with endings for items - tsu

with endings for persons – tari.  

Korean: (as per Jong Lee; Cabby 051203)

0=Yung (common) or Kwohm (uncommon)

1(st)=hanah

2(nd)=toole

3(rd)=seht

4(th)=neht

5(th)=dahsah

6(th)=yosah

7(th)=ihlwoh

8(th)=yohdel

9(th)=ah-hoh

10(th)=yuhrr

 

Latin: (as per G. Ifrah [B_359]) See Italian.

1                      =Unus

2                      =Duo

3                      =Tria

4                      =Quattuor

5                      =Qinque

6                      =Sex

7                      =Septem

8                      =Octo

9                      =Novem

10                     =Decem

11                                         =Undecim

12                                         =Dodecim

13                                         =Tredecim

14                                         =Quattuordecim

15                                         =Quindecim

16                                         =Sedecim

17                                         =Septendecim

18                                        =Octodecim

19                                         =Undeviginti (1 before twenty)

20                                         =Veginti (see Sanskrit = Vimsati)

30                     =Triginta

40                     =Quadraginta

50                     =Quinquaginta

60                     =Sexaginta

70                     =Septuaginta

80                     =Octoginta

90                     =Nonaginta

100                   =Centum

1000                 =Mille

 

LATIN: Septuaguinta refers to 70; HEBREW TORAH aka Septuaguint must refer to 70 of something. 70 what.

Latin see Roman: (as per my analysis of Karanis plate 20 from O_020 with Liddell and Scott Lexicon [B_495])

Eight = Octavos

Nine = Nonus

 

Malayaldam: (as per S. Nair; NYPL)

Zero                  =?

One                  =Onnu

Two                  =Randu

Three                =Moonu

Four                  =Nalu

Five                  =Anju

Six                   =Aaru

Seven               =Aezhu

Eight                 =Ettu

Nine                  =Aumbudu

Ten                   =Pathu

MALAYALDAM: See also [similar] TAMIL

 

Mohican: (as per L. Conant; [B_573])

See extensive list of aboriginal peoples’ math number names and analysis of systems.

(Mohican) american indian.

1=ngwitloh

2=neesoh

3=noghhoh

4=nauwoh

5=nunon

6=ngwittus

7=tupouwus

8=ghusooh

9=nauneeweh

10=mtannit

 

Mongolian: (as per G. Ifrah; L. Hambis; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for supplemental data.

One                  =Nigan

Two                  =Qoyar

Three                =Gurban

Four                  =Dorban

Five                  =Tabun

Six                   =jirgu’an

Seven               =Dolo’an

Eight                 =Naiman

Nine                  =Yisun

Ten                   =Arban

Eleven               =Arban nigan (10+1)

Twelve               =Arban qoyar

 

Twenty              =Qorin (two tens)

Twenty-one        =Qorin nigan (two tens and one)

Thirty                =Gusin

Forty                 =Docin

Fifty                  =Tabin

Fifty-six             =Tabin jirgu’an

Sixty                 =Jirin

Seventy =Dalan

Eighty               =Nayan

Ninety               =Jarin (not so similar to 9)

A Hundred         =Ja’un

200                   =Qoyar ja’un (two hundreds)

300                   =Gurban ja’un

356                   =Gurban ja’un tabin jirgu’an

(3 hundreds+five tens+six)

 

1000                 =Ming-gan

2000                 =Qoyar ming-gan

 

10000               =Tuman (myriad)

20000               =Qoyar tuman

 

Nigerian [Ibo]: (as per Isdore; UTOG)

Zero                  =OHlu

 

One                  =OHtu

Two                  =AhPOa

Three                =AhToh

Four                  =AyNoh

Five                  =EeSeh

Six                   =EeShee

Seven               =AhSAah

Eight                 =AhSahToh

Nine                  =EeTohlu

Ten                   =EeRee

11                     =EeRee-OHtu

12                     =EeRee-AhPOa

13                     =EeRee-AhToh

14                     =EeRee-AyNoh

15                     =EeRee-EeSeh

16                     =EeRee-EeShee

17                     =EeRee-AhSAah

18                     =EeRee-AhSahToh

19                     =EeRee-EeTohlu

20                     =OGGu-n’OHtu

[Note: 20 has a SPECIAL name! (= One Man?/ Toes and fingers)]

 

21                     =OGGu-n’OHtu - OHtu

22                     =OGGu-n’OHtu - AhPOa

 

30                     =EeRee - AhToh

31                     =EeRee - AhToh-n’OHtu

            [tens at three, at one]

 

40                     =EeRee - AyNoh

41                     =EeRee - AyNoh-n’OHtu

            [tens at four, at one]

 

50                     =EeRee - AhToh

51                     =EeRee - AhToh-n’OHtu

            [tens at five, at one]

 

100                   =NoKOru

1000                 =OhRu

 

*Three hundred and fifty-six=:

NoKOru-n’AhToh-n’EeRee-n’EeSeh – EeShee

            [hundreds at three, at tens at five, at six]

 

1/2=OHtu n’Ohlu [one with at one without]

also*

1/2=OHtu n’amplische [one part; a split]

1/3=OHtu-n’AhToh [? One part of the three?]

?1/3 or 2/3 or 1/2=OHtu-n’AhPoh [? One part of the two?]

I got confused here and had to go to work.

 

Whats up = Keddo; I am fine = Ah Dee-uMah

What is your name?=Kedy Ahagi?

My name is Bruce=Aham [ayham] bu [boo] Bruce

? Hi-Five!=Kedu Adinwa!

Another culture/language from Nigeria= Hawasah

Note Nigeria uses British Measure/metrology.

See also Yebu.

 

ORDU: (as per M Javed; NYC Cabby)

356=TIN SOL CHAPPAN YAH

Papuan: (as per G. Ifrah; Sir William Macgregor; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for corresponding body gestures/ determinatives.

[From territory formerly known as British New Guinea]

1          anusi

2          doro

3          doro

4          doro

5          ubei

6          tama

7          unubo

8          visa

9          denoro

10         diti

11         diti

12         medo

13         bee

14         denoro

15         visa

16         unubo

17         tama

18         ubei

19         doro

20         doro

21         doro

22         anusi

See BUGILAI

 

Polish: (as per Adam Garnys; BGT) see similar Bulgarian; Russian.

See also Hebrew; Ordu..

Zero                  =?

One                  =Ras

Two                  =Dva

Three                =Tchy

Four                  =Tchery

Five                  =Piench

Six                   =Sheich

Seven               =Shiedem

Eight                 =Oshiem

Nine                  =Dgeviench

Ten                   =Dgeshiench

 

Portuguese: (as per Frank DeOliviera) Pronunciations only:

Zero                  =?

One                  =Uno

Two                  =Doyce

Three                =Trace

Four                  =Quattro

Five                  =Sinko

Six                   =Sayce

Seven               =Setteh

Eight                 =Oy-two

Nine                  =Noveh

Ten                   =Dee-ess

 

Also:

Please: Por Favore

Thank you: Obrigado

 

Push-toh (Afghani): (as per Raheim of UTOG)

Zero                  =Sipr [A root of Lucifer?]

 

One                  =Yo

Two                  =Dua

Three                =Treh

Four                  =Sahlohr

Five                  =Pinza

Six                   =Shparz

Seven               =Oowah

Eight                 =Aateh

Nine                  =Nuh

Ten                   =Less

Eleven               =Yo oh-less

Twelve               =Du oh-less

Thirteen =Jerl-less

Fourteen           =Swahr-less

Fifteen              =Pinzeh-less

Sixteen             =Shpar-less

Seventeen         =Oowah-less

Eighteen           =Aateh-less

Nineteen           =No ah-ness

Twenty              =Sherdl

Thirty                =Jayrsh

Forty                 =Suhluashe

Fifty                  =Pinzorse

Fifty-six             =(6+50)=Shparz Pinzorse

Sixty                 =Shpeeahtah

Seventy =Alviah

Eighty               =Atchah

Ninety               =Noo wayeh

A Hundred         =Sull

200                   =Dua-Sowa

300                   =Trey-Sowa

356                   =(300+6+50)=Trey-sowa Shparz Pinzorse

400                   =Sahlohr-Sowa

500                   =Pinza-Sowa

600                   =Shparz-Sowa

700                   =Oowah-Sowa

800                   =Aateh-Sowa

900                   =Nuh-Sowa

a Thousand       =Zurah

10,000              =Less-Zurah

a Million            =?

One half            =Nyim

One Third          =? (Unknown/uncommon)

 

Another Afghani language (currently the regionally dominant lang of Muslims) is Persian.

Although Persian is the official language, it is only spoken by 30% of the country.

All other citizens (nearly 100% Muslims) speak Push-toh.

 

ROMAN:

See UHN: p. 210 Roman fractions of “as”=12 uncia (ounce):

1/2=semis

1/3=triens

1/4=quadrans

1/5=quincunx

1/6=sextans

1/7=septunx

1/8=octans

1/9=dodrans

1/10=dextans

1/11=deunx

1/12=uncia

1/24=semuncia

1/48=sicilius

1/72=sextula

 

See UHN: P. 187: Roman Numerals

I=1

V=5

X=10

L=50

C=100

D=500

M=1000

 

Romanian: (A. Leiberman; on the train to Budapest)

Zero                  =?

One                  =Una

Two                  =Doy

Three                =Tray

Four                  =Battro

Five                  =Chinch

Six                   =?…

 

Romanian: (T. Sarandeva)

One                  Unu

Two                  Doi

Three                Trei

Four                  Patru

Five                  Cinci (Chin-ch)

Six                   Shase (Sh-a-sse)

Seven               Shapte (Sh-a-ptei)

Eight                 Opt

Nine                  Noua

Ten                   Zece (ze-che)

11=un spree zece

12=doi spree zece

20=doua-zeci

30=trei-zeci

40=patru-zeci

50=cinci-zeci

60=shase-zeci

70=shapte-zeci

80=opt-zeci

90=noua-zeci

100=o suta

1000=o mie

 

Russian: (Maya the haircutter)

Zero                  =?

One                  =Ahdin

Two                  =Dua

Three                =Tree

Four                  =Chetiry (see Polish)

Five                  =Pietz

Six                   =Shaste

Seven               =Sim

Eight                 =Voysim

Nine                  =Dayvit

Ten                   =Djesit

 

Sanskrit: (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359])

One                  =Eka

Two                  =Dvau, Dva; Dve; Dvi

Three                =Trayas; Tisras; Tri

Four                  =Catvaras; catasras; catvari; cator

Five                  =Panca

Six                   =Sat

Seven               =Sapta

Eight                 =Astau; asta

Nine                  =Nava

Ten                   =Dasa

11                     =Eka-dasa (1+10)

20                     =Vimsati

30                     =Trimsati

40                     =Catvarimsati

50                     =Pancasat*

60                     =Sasti

70                     =Sapti

80                     =Asiti

90                     =Navati

100                   =Satam; Sata

200                   =Dvisata (2 x 100)

300                   =Trisata (3 x 100)

356                   =Sat pancasat trisata (6+50 [5 x 10]+300 [3 x 100])

400                   =Catursata

500                   =Pancasata

1000                 =Sahasra

2000                 =dvisahasra (2 x 1000)

3000                 =Trisahasra

4000                 =Catursahasra

4769                 =Nava sasti saptasata ca [and] catursahasra

(9+60+700 and 4000)

10000               =Dasasahasra

20000               =Vimsatsahasra

30000               =Trimsatsahasra

100,000 =Satasahasra (100 x 1000)

200,000 =Dvisatasahasra (200 x 1000)

300,000 =Trisatasahasra (300 x 1000)

 

Spanish: (as per A. McCabe; BGT)

Spelled             more bad phonetics

One      =Uno                =Uno

Two      =Dos                =Dose

Three    =Tres                =Trace

Four      =Cuatro             =Quattro

Five      =Cinco              =Cinquo

Six       =Seis                =Sace

Seven   =Siete               =See-ettay

Eight     =Ocho              =Ocho

Nine      =Nueve             =Nueve

Ten       =Dies                =De-ace

 

11=once

12=doce

20=veinte

30=treinta

40=cuarenta

50=cincuenta

60=sesenta

70=setenta

80=ochenta

90=noventa

100=ciento

1000=mil

 

Sumerian (*Ancient):

(as per G. Ifrah; (Deimel, Falkenstein & Powell); [B_359])

*Sexagesimal. See MCT. Duodecimal? [base 12]

One                  =Ges(h) or As(h) or Dic.

Ges(h) means “man” (also “male” and “erect phallus”)

Two                  =Min

Means “woman.”

Three                =Es(h)

[plural suffix; a remnant from the days of one, two and many!]

Four                  =Limmu

Five                  =Ia

Six                   =A[y]s(h)

Seven               =Imin

Eight                 =Ussu

Nine                  =Ilimmu

Ten                   =U

Twenty              =Nis(h)

Thirty                =Us(h)u

Forty                 =Nis(h)min or Nimin or Nin

Fifty                  =Ninnu

Sixty                 =Ges(h) or Ges(h)ta

120                   =Ges(h)-min =(60 twice)

180                   =Ges(h)-es(h)=(60 x 3)

240                   =Ges(h)-limmu

300                   =Ges(h)-ia

360                   =Ges(h)-a[y]s(h)

420                   =Ges(h)-imin

480                   =Ges(h)-ussu

540                   =Ges(h)-ilimmu

600                   =Ges(h)-u

1200                 =Ges(h)-u-min

1800                 =Ges(h)-u-es(h)

2400                 =Ges(h)-u-limmu

3000                 =Ges(h)-u-ia

3600                 =S(h)ar (60^2)

7200                 =S(h)ar-min

10800               =S(h)ar-es(h)

14400               =S(h)ar-limmu

18000               =S(h)ar-ia

21600               =S(h)ar-a[y]s(h)

25200               =S(h)ar-imin

28800               =S(h)ar-ussu

32400               =S(h)ar-ilimmu

36000               =S(h)ar-u (3600 x 10)

72000               =S(h)ar-u-min

108000              =S(h)ar-u-es(h)

144000              =S(h)ar-u-limmu (36,000 x 4)

180000              =S(h)ar-u-ia

216000              =S(h)argal =“big S(h)ar” =”Big 60^2”=60^3

432000              =S(h)argal-min

1,080,000          =S(h)argal-ia

1,296,000          =S(h)argal-a[y]s(h)

1,512,000          =S(h)argal-imin

2,160,000          =S(h)argal-u (10 x (60^3))

4,320,000          =S(h)argal-u-min

6,480,000          =S(h)argal-u-es(h)

8,640,000          =S(h)argal-u-limmu

10,800,000        =S(h)argal-u-ia

12,960,000        =S(h)argal-s(h)u-nu-tag (60^4)

See Stele of VULTURES.

 

Sumerian

See UHN: p. 161:

Coded Sexagesimal Cryptograms (Sumerian & Babylonian)

ANU: god of heaven, father of all other gods, 60

ENLIL: god of Earth, 50 (Later replaced by MARDUK, 10)

EA: god of water, 40 (sometimes 60)

SIN: lunar god, month, 30

SHAMASH: solar god, 20

ADAD: ?, 10 or 6

ISHTAR: queen of heavens, daughter of ANU, 15

NINURTA: son of ENLIL, also 50

NERGAL: ?, 14

GIBIL & NISKU: companions of SHAMASH, 10 for either (and/or both?)

 

See UHN: p. 140: ABACUS and more

gesdab-dim mu=[Sumerian] wooden-tablet-for-accounts

su-me-ek-ku-u=[Sumerian] wood-hand-rule-read.

Assyro Babylonian LIM=1000; ME=100

ME.LIM=100,000

LIM.LIM.=1,000,000

 

Swedish: (as per friend? of J. Gonzalez; BGT)

Zero                  =Noll                 =Nole

 

One                  =Ett                  =Eht

Two                  =Tva                 =Tvaw (rhymes with paw)

Three                =Tre                  =Threa (soft “th”)

Four                  =Fyra                =Foorah

Five                  =Fem                =Fem

Six                   =Sex                =Sex

Seven               =Sju                 =Hwhu

Eight                 =Atta                =Ought-tah

Nine                  =Nio                 =Nia

Ten                   =Tio                  =Tia

 

100                   =Ett Hundra       =Eht Hoondr-rah

 

(as per Angie; BA offices; 021004)
TAGALO: A Main language of many Phillipine Islands
1 - ISA
2 - DALAWA
3- TATLO
4 - APAT
5 - LIMA
6 – ANIM
7 - PITO
8 - WALO
9 - SIYAM
10- SAMPO

 

(as per Sammy Anders; D&D offices; 052404)
TAGALOG: A Main language of many Phillipine Islands
[All of the following are phonetic representations.]
0 - ZEROH
1/2-KALAH-HATTAYH
1/3-KA-TAHLOH
1 - ISAH
2 - DALUAH
3- TATLOH
4 - AHPAHT
5 - LIHMAH
6 - ANIM
7 - PIHTOH
8 - WAHLOH
9 - CHIAHM
10- SAMPO
20- DELUAHMPOH
30-TATLOOMPOH
40-AHPAHTNAHOH
50-LIHMAHMPOH
60-ANIMNAHPOH
70-PIHTOHMPOH
80-WAHLOHMPOH
90-CHIAHMNAHPOH
100-IAHRNG DAH-AHNG
200-DELUAHNG DAH-AHNG
300-TAHTLOHNG DAH-AHNG
356-TAHTLOHNG DAH-AHNG LIHMAHMPOH ANIM=300+50+6
1000-ISAHNG LIHBOH

TAMIL:

See UHN: P. 372

 

1=Uru

2=Irandu

3=Munru

4=Nalu or Nangu

5=Aindu or Ainju

6=Aru

7=Erla or Ezha

8=Ettu

9=Onbadu

compare to Malayalam

 

(as per Soosai Raj; 091003)
TAMIL: an Indian (Hindu) language. See also MALAYALDAM
1 Wahn.drooh
2 Irandu
3 Moondooh
4 Naangooh
5 Aiyindu
6 Aahr.ooh
7 Aylooh
8 Ett.ooh (short)
9 Wahn.bah.dthu
10 Path.thu
19 Path.wahn.bah.dthey

 

TEGRINYA:

(as per Seium Fesehaye; NYC Cabby; 102303)
TEGRINYA: an ancient language (with unique? alphabet; similar sounding to [Semitic] Arabic and Hebrew) from the former territory of Mussolini in Ethiopia - for 6-7 years; Mussolini built capital city of Azumarah.
Independent as Eritrea from Ethiopia since 1991 and reconstructed in 1998 by civil strife.
Elected Parliament; Highland climate similar to northern California; rich in gold; some untapped oil deposits; 3.5 million speakers [?] population.
0 Bahdoh
1 Hadeh
2 KaLeeteh
3 Selesstay
4 Arbahtay
5 Hamooshtay
6 Shidooshtay
7 Shoohahtay
8 Shomohntay
9 Chaatay
10 Assertay

 

Thai:

(as per Tu Punpisutrakul; Caribe Restaurant in NYC); See ?

Zero=Soon

One=Nudn

Two=Sowh

Three=Sahm

Four=See

Five=Ha-a

Six=Hoke

Seven=Jed’

Eight=Baad

Nine=Kaow

Ten=Sip

 

Tibetan: (as per G. Ifrah; M. Lalou; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for supplemental data.

One                  =Gcig

Two                  =Gynis

Three                =Gsum

Four                  =Bzhi

Five                  =Inga

Six                   =Drug

Seven               =Bdun

Eight                 =Brgyad

Nine                  =Dgu

Ten                   =Bcu

Eleven               =Bcu-gcig (10+1)

Twelve               =Bcu-Gynis

Thirteen =Bcu-Gsum

Fourteen           =Bcu-bzhi

Fifteen              =Bcu-Inga

Sixteen             =Bcu-drug

Seventeen         =Bcu-bdun

Eighteen           =Bcu-brgyad

Nineteen           =Bcu-dgu

Twenty              =Gynis-bcu (two tens)

Twenty-one        =Gynis-bcu rtsa gcig (two tens and one)

Thirty                =Gsum-bcu

Forty                 =Bzhi-bcu

Fifty                  =Inga-bcu

Fifty-six             =Inga-bcu rtsa drug

Sixty                 =Drug-bcu

Seventy =Bdun-bcu

Eighty               =Brgyad-bcu

Ninety               =Dgu-bcu

A Hundred         =Brgya

200                   =Gynis-brgya

300                   =Gsum-brgya

356                   =Gsum-brgya rtsa inga-bcu rtsa drug

(3 hundreds+five tens+six)

400                   =Bzhi-brgya

500                   =Inga-brgya

600                   =Drug-brgya

700                   =Bdun-brgya

800                   =Brgyad-brgya

900                   =Dgu-brgya

 

Turkish (ancient* circa 800 CE)

(as per G. Ifrah; A. K. von Gabain; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for supplemental data.

See also Turkish (Modern).

 

One                  =Bir

Two                  =Iki

Three                =Uc

Four                  =Tort

Five                  =Besh

Six                   =Alti

Seven               =Yeti

Eight                 =Sakiz

Nine                  =Tokuz

Ten                   =On

Eleven               =Bir yegurmi

(10+1; but literally One [after 10; towards] 20!)

Understand as:

The first unit after ten towards twenty

 

Twelve               =Iki yegurmi

(10+2; but literally Two [after 10; towards] 20!)

(or consider as the “second unit” beyond 10 but before twenty)

Twenty              =Yegurmi

Thirty                =Otuz

Forty                 =Kirk

Fifty                  =Allig

Sixty                 =Altmis

Seventy =Yetmis

78                     =Sakiz sakiz on

(70+8; but literally Eight [after 10; towards] 80 [towards] 100!)

Eighty               =Sakiz on

Ninety               =Tokuz on

A Hundred         =Yuz

200                   =Iki yuz

356                   =Uc yuz alti altmis

(3 hundreds+six [towards] sixty)

900                   =Tokuz yuz

1000                 =Bing

2000                 =Iki bing

 

Turkish (ancient* circa 1000 CE) Chinese influence*

(as per G. Ifrah; A. K. von Gabain; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for supplemental data.

See also Turkish (Modern).

 

11                     =On artuki bir (ten overtaken by one)

23                     =Yegirmi artuki uc (twenty overtaken by three)

53                     =Allig artuki uc (fifty overtaken by three)

87                     =Sakiz on artuki yeti (eighty overtaken by seven)

 

Turkish (modern)

(as per G. Ifrah; A. K. von Gabain; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for supplemental data.

See also Turkish (Ancient).

 

Turkish (modern)

(as per J. Ozyaman; ESPL)

See also (other sounds) Turkish (Ancient & Modern).

Zero                  =Sifir (see ARABIC)

One                  =Bir

Two                  =Iki (eekee)

Three                =Uch (ookh)

Four                  =Dort

Five                  =Besh

Six                   =Altih

Seven               =Ye-aydee

Eight                 =Sekiz

Nine                  =Dokuz

Ten                   =Ohn

 

11                     =On bir (10+1)

23                     =Yegirmi uc (20+3)

53                     =Allig uc (50+3)

87                     =Sakiz on yeti (80+7)

 

UGARIT:

See UHN: p. 145: MARI thousand=1000=“Li-im”

MARI “large”=10000=ribbatum=EBLA [Ri-bab]=UGARIT [Rbbt]=SYRIAN [ri-ib-ba-at]=HEBREW [ribo]

 

See UHN: p. 144: MARI

100=Me-at

 

See UHN: p. 137:

UGARIT/RAS SHAMRA in northern Syria.

“the units are always put before the tens”

 

VIETNAMESE:

See UHN: p. 272 fig 21.22 Old Vietnamese numbers ANNAM (Sino-Annamite/ so dem tau system)

1=nhat

2=nhi

3=tam

4=tir

5=ngu

6=luc

7=that

8=bat

9=ciru

10=thap

100=bach

1000=thien

10000=van

 

See UHN: p. 272 fig 21.23 Old Vietnam numbers ANNAM (CHU-NOM / so dem annam system)

1=mot

2=hai

3=ba

4=bon

5=nam

6=sau

7=ba’y

8=tam

9=chin

10=muoi

100=tram

1000=nghin

10000=muon

 

Walloff (W. African): (as per Samba Mbaye, NYC Taxi driver)

Zero                  =Dara

 

One                  =Ben

Two                  =Nyar

Three                =Nyet

Four                  =Nyent

Five                  =Jurum

Six                   =Jurum Ben (5+1)

Seven               =Jurum Nyar

Eight                 =Jurum Nyet

Nine                  =Jurum Nyent

Ten                   =Fook

Eleven               =Fook ak Ben

Twelve               =Fook ak Nyar

Thirteen             =Fook ak Nyet

Fourteen           =Fook ak Nyent

Fifteen              =Fook ak Jurum

Sixteen             =Fook ak Jurum Ben (10 + (5+1))

Seventeen         =Fook ak Jurum Nyar

Eighteen           =Fook ak Jurum Nyet

Nineteen           =Fook ak Jurum Nyent

Twenty              =Nyar Fook (two tens)

Thirty                =Nyet Fook

Forty                 =Nyent Fook

Fifty                  =Jurum Fook

Fifty-six             =Jurum Ben Jurum Fook ((5+1) [+] (five tens))

Sixty                 =Jurum Ben Fook

Seventy             =Jurum Nyar Fook

Eighty               =Jurum Nyet Fook

Ninety               =Jurum Nyent Fook

A Hundred         =Temair

200                   =Nyar Temair

300                   =Nyet Temair

356                   =(300+6+50)=Nyet Temair Jurum Ben Jurum Fook

400                   =Nyent Temair

500                   =Jurum Temair

600                   =Jurum Ben Temair

700                   =Jurum Nyar Temair

800                   =Jurum Nyet Temair

900                   =Jurum Nyent Temair

a Thousand       =Junee (spelled Giouni)

10,000              =Fook Junee

a Million            =?

One half            =?

One Third          =?

 

 

(as per Samba Mbaye)

See works of Scheikh [Cheikh] Anta Diop available at Barnes & Noble.

Black studies of Egypt:

Get; Nationale Negro Couture in ENGLISH!

See also [B_025b] PTAH HOTEP

NO CATNYP.

 

Welsh: (as per G. Ifrah; [B_359])

*Vigesimal remnants; like French (quatre-vingt)

One                  =Un

Two                  =Dau

Three                =Tri

Four                  =Petwar

Five                  =Pimp

Six                   =Chwe

Seven               =Seith

Eight                 =Wyth

Nine                  =Naw

Ten                   =Dec (or Deg)

Eleven               =Un ar dec (1+10)

Twelve               =Dou ar dec (2+10)

Thirteen             =Tri ar dec

Fourteen           =Petwar ac dec

Fifteen              =Hymthec (5+10?)

Sixteen             =Un ar hymthec (1 + 15)

Seventeen         =Dou ar hymthec (2 + 15)

Eighteen           =Tri ar hymthec (or Deu naw = two nines!)

Nineteen           =Pedwar ar hymthec

Twenty              =Ugeint

Thirty                =Dek ar ugeint (10 and 20)

Forty                 =De-ugeint (2 x 20)

Fifty                  =Dec ar de-ugeint (10 and two twenties)

Sixty                 =Tri-ugeint (3 x 20)

Seventy             =Dek ar tri-ugeint (10 and three twenties)

Eighty               =Pedwar-ugeint (4 x 20)

Ninety               =Dek ar pedwar-ugeint (10 and four twenties)

One hundred      =Cant

One Thousand   =Mil

See Breton and Irish.

 

Yebu: (People of Upper Senegal and Nigeria)

(as per G. Ifrah; C. Zaslavsky; [B_359]; *Vigesimal)

1                      =Otu

2                      =Abuo

3                      =Ato

4                      =Ano

5                      =Iso

6                      =Isii

7                      =Asaa

8                      =Asato

9                      =Toolu

10                     =Iri

20                     =Ohu

30                     =Ohu na iri (20+10)

40                     =Ohu abuo (20 x 2)

50                     =Ohu abuo na iri ((2 x 20) + 10)

60                     =Ohu ato (20 x 3)

100                   =Ohu iso (20 x 5)

200                   =Ohu iri (20 x 10)

400                   =Nnu (20 x 20)

8000                 =Nnu khuru ohu (20 ^ 3) (400 meets [x] 20)

160,000             =Nnu khuru nnu (20 ^ 4) (400 meets [x] 400)

See also Nigerian (Ibo); Yoruba.

 

Yiddish (Litvak): (as per M. and F. Friedman)

Zero=?

One=Aynz

Two=Tzvey

Three=Drei

Four=Fear

Five=Finif

Six=Zex

Seven=Zib’n

Eight=Ochkt

Nine=Nyne

Ten=Tzen

See also Yiddish Galicia [Gelitzyah] (closer to the German)

 

Yoruba: (People of Upper Senegal and Nigeria)

(as per G. Ifrah; C. Zaslavsky; [B_359]; *Vigesimal)

1                      =Ookan

2                      =Eeji

3                      =Eeta

4                      =Eerin

5                      =Aarun

6                      =Eeta*?

7                      =Eeje

8                      =Eejo

9                      =Eesan

10                     =Eewaa

11                     =Ookan laa (1 + 10; laa from La ewa, added to ten)

12                     =Eeji laa

13                     =Eeta laa

14                     =Eerin laa

15                     =Eedogun

(20-5; from Aarun din ogun; 5 taken from 20)

16                     =Erin din logun (20-4)

17                     =Eeta din logun (20-3)

18                     =Eeji din logun (20-2)

19                     =Ookan din logun (20-1; “one from twenty”)

20                     =Ogun

21                     =Ookan le loogan (1 + 20)

25                     =Eedoogbon (30-5)

30                     =Ogbon

35                     =Aarun din logoji (five from forty)

40                     =Logoji

50                     =Aadota

60                     =Ogota

100                   =Ogorun (20 x 5)

400                   =Irinwo (20 ^ 2)

2000                 =Egbewa (20 x 10 x 10)

4000                 =Egbaaji (2000 x 2)

20,000              =Egbaawaa (2000 x 10)

40,000              =Egbaawaa lonan meji ((2000 x 10) x 2)

1,000,000          =Egbeegberun (1000 x 1000)

See also Nigerian (Ibo); Yebu.

 

Zuni: (as per G. Ifrah; F. H. Cushing; [B_359])

See text [B_359] for corresponding “manual concepts”.

[From territory formerly known as British New Guinea]

1          tohpinte

2          kwilli

3          kha-ee

4          awite

5          ohpt-ee

6          topaliky-ee

7          kwilliky-ah

8          khaliky-ah

9          tenaliky-ah

10                 aystem-thila (literally, “all the fingers raised!”)

11                 aystem-thila topayathyl’tona

(literally, “all the fingers and one more raised!”)

See Bugilai; Papuan

 

See [B_573;8.5] CATNYP# OFK (Conant, L. L. Number concept)

“The number concept; its origin and development, by Levi Leonard Conant, Ph.D. [Associate Professor of Mathematics in the Worcester Polytechnic Institute]”

NY, London, 1896

See MOHICAN.

See this comprehensive snack “by the irrepressible Mark Rosenfelder!”

http://www.zompist.com/numbers.shtml

 

 

NUMISMATICS: coins of AE

http://www.coptos.online.fr/monnaies.html

 

See COINS

http://story.news.yahoo.com/news?tmpl=story&u=/ap/20020528/ap_wo_en_ge/egypt_antiquities_1

 

 

NUTALL: (Mixtec- post Mayan) Codex

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0486231682/ref=olp_product_details/103-7162206-7959045?%5Fencoding=UTF8&v=glance&n=283155

NUZZI or NUZI: (Cuneiform) tablets; late bronze age body armour

[of a Hurrian/Akkadian dialect; 5000 tablets circa 15-1400 BCE]

[Modern Yorgham Tepe in northern Iraq]

 

[B_300,rvw]

CATNYP# *OBC+(Harvard University. Harvard Semitic Series v. 19)

“Excavations at Nuzi conducted by the Semitic Museum and the Fogg Art Museum of Harvard University, with the cooperation of the American School of Oriental Research at Bagdad.”

Cambridge, 1928-62.

[Note volume 8 issued in a case].

 

[B_301,rvw]

CATNYP# *OCL 92-852 v.2, issue 1

“Les rapports entre Nuzi et Hanigalbat ; The tallu measure of capacity at Nuzi / by Carlo Zaccagnini.”

Malibu, 1979.

See Metrology; Tallu =?

 

 

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~semitic/hsm/NFNuziTablets.htm

 

http://www.abu.nb.ca/ecm/topics/people4.htm

 

http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/05.14/FragmentsofaFor.html

 

http://www.henry-davis.com/MAPS/Ancient%20Web%20Pages/100mono.html

 

On Slavery:

http://www.gospelcom.net/rbc/ds/q1109/point2.html

 

…[tablets] found at Nuzi, a small town in Iraq. They date from the late Bronze Age period, which in OC terms places them between 1500 and 1250 BCE. The date indication arises because of a seal of the Mitanni ruler Sautatar. In NC terms he is dated in the region 1235-1210 BCE, but the context of the seal suggests it is an heirloom. The archive contents may therefore originate in the period 1400-1300 BCE. The late dating of this archive has led various people to call into question its value in providing support for the Genesis accounts. This is usually countered by the point that social customs can remain static for considerable periods, if the conditions of life are stable. Unless the contents of this archive are supported by other, earlier material, it should not be relied on for confirming early authorship of Genesis.

http://www.abbottfamily.clara.co.uk/patriarchscontext.htm

 

[German]

http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/l/Laban.shtml

 

http://www.icanect.net/~seraphim/chron4.htm

 

Suggested text: Owen, David I. & Wilhelm, Gernot. General studies and excavations at Nuzi 10/2 Studies on the civilization and culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians ; v. 9 1883053269 Bethesda, Md. : CDL Press, 1998.

 

http://users.ox.ac.uk/~neareast/bsain6.htm

 

http://www.univie.ac.at/orientalistik/Afo.html

 

Personal names:

http://www.cogsci.ed.ac.uk/~siamakr/Kurdish/KURDICA/1999/SEP/hurrian-names.html

 

http://www.shamash.org/tanach/tanach/commentary/j-seminar/volume4/v4n2

 

http://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Eparasha/toledot/mar.html

 

 

NYT: The New York Times Online

Internet Explorer users, click here:

http://www.nytimes.com/info/help/hpie5.html?welcome

 

Netscape users, click here:

http://www.nytimes.com/info/help/hpns4.html?welcome

 

 

NYU: University; Library; collections; (Greek) papyri

P.NYU: Greek Papyri in the Collection of New York University

P.NYU 1.1. Copy of a Land Declaration: (Greek; AD 299; KARANIS)

http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0176

 

[B_452=O_020,8.5,IMG]

CATNYP# M-11 4783 [no.] 1 Vol. 1

BOBST# PA3305 .N4 v.1 c.1

See BOBCAT ARCHIVE.

“Greek Papyri in the collection of New York University.”

By Lewis, Naphtali.

Leiden, 1967-8

Also includes papyri from Cornell University and the British Museum.

Author edits some fouth century [CE] documents from KARANIS.

See BOBST Archive: O 1

 

 

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