TAANACH: See TALMUD; TORAH
Manfred Görg, "Zum Namen des
Fürsten von Taanach", Biblische
Notizen 41 (1988), 15-18.
The AEB
gives the following summary:
"Different opinions of several
scholars are enumerated, concerning the
cuneiform name of the ruler of Taanach.
The author suggests the name
to be Tulwisar (=Tulbisarri?)."Manfred
Görg, "Zum Namen des Fürsten von Taanach", Biblische
Notizen 41 (1988), 15-18.
"The wanted article" is
most probably "Zum Namen des Fürsten von
Taanach", in: Biblische Notizen.
Beiträge zur exegetischen
Diskussion 41, 1988, S. 15-18.
TAIT: ostraca
See
ADLER, BODLEIAN, OXFORD.
John
Gavin TAIT. [1896-?]
[B_385,rvw]
CATNYP# *OBKQ+ (Adler, E. N. Adler papyri)
“The Adler papyri. Greek texts by
Elkan Nathan Adler, John Gavin Tait and
Dr. Fritz M. Heichelheim. The Demotic texts by the late Francis Llewellyn
Griffith...With sixteen plates.” London, Oxford, 1939.
[B_386,rvw]
CATNYP# *OBKM (Tait, J. G. Greek ostraca in the Bodleian library
of Oxford)
“Greek ostraca in the Bodleian library of Oxford and various other collections; edited by
John Gavin Tait.”
London, 1930-1955.
Volume one: Ptolemaic ostraca at the Bodleian; ostraca at
Asmolean Museum, Oxford; Cambridge University Library; Flinders Petrie
collection at University College, London; various other minor collections.
Volume two: Edited by John Gavin Tait
and Claire Preaux, contains ostraca of the Roman and Byzantine periods in the
Bodleian library.
*Volume three: Indexes to vols. i and ii, ed. J. Bingen and M. Wittek, 1964.
See also TEBTUNIS.
TAKELOTHIS: papyrus
NO CATNYP
Moeller
reference.
WATSONLINE Yields nothing.
(as per AEB 85.1313) Takelothis II from ~856 BCE.
(as per ZAS index# 0739) Seek ZAS 6, 1868, on an inscription of Takellut II.
[B_180a,8.5,CUBIT
FRAG IMG,MAPS,MISC.] CATNYP# *OBQ+ 73-2731 t.
82, “Hommages Serge Sauneron, Cairo, 1979, v. 1, p. 322. By ZIVIE,
Alain-Pierre.
See image
of the base of a statue of Takelot III? Plate XV.
TALMUD: (Hebrew) MISHNAH with GEMARA
See JEWS, HEBREW CUBITS, QUMRAN,
TAANACH, TORAH.
[B_239,8.5’s,JH] CATNYP#
*P (Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics)
“Encyclopaedia of
religion and ethics / Edited by James Hastings, with the assistance of John A.
Selbie and Louis Gray.”
NY, 1955.
13 volumes.
I copied the section on the TALMUD.
(P. 185 comments on the text of MISHNAH.)
In 533 CE Emporor Justinian ordered Praefect Areobindus to
favor the Greek version of the Scriptures.
(To eradicate the use of Hebrew
and/or Aramaic.)
I copied the section [Encyclopaedia Judaica; *P-*PBZ +
72-291]
on the KELIM [See Mishnah Kelim].
(P. 899 comments on the first tractate
of the MISHNAH order of Tohorot.)
Discussions of the ritual purification of vessels.
See Kelim, 17, verse
9 for CUBITS.
[B_282,IGNR,NO
COPY,JH] CATNYP#
*PHN 98-15; Published 1997.
"Mishnayot
bava kama mi-Masekhet Kelim : 'im perush Siya'ta d."
Same old mouse purity diagrams.
[B_145,JH,8.5] CATNYP# *P- *PDL 83-868,
“Analytical
concordance to the Bible”. Robert Young, Nashville, reprint 1982.
See research of 9/17/02 on cubits
again with focus on Ezekiel/cubits
See Septuagint
[B_286,JH,8.5] CATNYP#
*P-*PHM (Mishnah. Mishnayoth)
“Mishnayoth
: pointed Hebrew text, English translation, introductions, notes, supplement,
appendix, indexes, addenda, corrigenda.”
NY,
Judaica Press, 1963-4.
With
demonstrations of Cardinal and Ordinal Hebrew numbers and Grammar rules for
same.
TANIS: (Greek, Coptic and AE Hieroglyphic) papyri
from extinct city of
AKA "Suan" and AKA
"San el-Hagar"
See also CANOPUS
[B_026,8.5]
CATNYP# *OBN+96-4271
“Decree of Canopus,
Die zweisprachige inschrift von Tanis, zum ersten male
hrsg. und uebers. von S. Leo Reinisch und E. Robert Roesler.”
Wien, W. Braumuller
1866.
Greek, Coptic and hieroglyphs.
See this link to the background and treasures of Tanis.
http://www.uk.sis.gov.eg/online/html2/o230920g.htm
[B_133,ALL,8.5]
CATNYP# *OBL (Two hieroglyphic…),
“Two hieroglyphic
papyri from Tanis … Fascimiles and introductory remarks.
Pub. By order of the
Committee.” London, 1889.
A poorly arranged surviving AE dictionary and an AE Atlas!
See Atlas images [sketches] for calendrical data and accounts.
Math.
[B_182a, no img,IGNR] CATNYP# *OBL,
Institut Francais d’Arch. A la Bibliotheque nationale de Paris, Le Caire, 1931,
Tome 30(3-4).
Descriptions
of numerous obelisks.
See Obelisque
TANIYAMA-SHIMURA: (Number theory)
conjecture
Now proven true.
Except, I don’t see how!
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Taniyama-ShimuraConjecture.html
See FERMAT;
MERSENNE.
TANNERY: (Author)
Paul Tannery:
p. 40 [B_437,8.5,NO KESKINTO,SIBL]
See Hypsicles:[B_249,8.5’s,SIBL;by permission/appt.]
[B_437] *Is not a proper tr.
in relation to original!
See page 20 of ANAPHORIKOS [B_249, the “original”]
Note probable
typo in [B_249] in Greek and Hindu-Arabic
conversion for the sign Libra [AKA Balance]
p. 41
Signs [paired as Sign and the Sign mirrored on equinox line:
Arc of sky in degrees:
equinoctial hours
Belier [et] Poissons 21+2/3 degrees
ou 1H 26M 40S In seconds [40+(26x60=1560)+(3600x1)] =5200
Taureau Verseau 25 degrees ou 1H 40M
In seconds [(40x60=2400)+(3600x1)]
=6000
Gemeaux Capricorne 28+1/3 degrees ou
1H 53M 20S
In seconds [20+(53x60=3180)+(3600x1)] =6800
Cancer Sagittare 31+2/3 degrees
ou 2H
6M 40S
In seconds [40+(6x60=360)+(3600x2)]
=7600
Lion Scorpion 35 degrees ou 2H 20M
In seconds [(20x60=1200)+(3600x2)]
=8400
Vierge Balance 38+1/3 degrees
ou 2H 23M
20S*
*Gap analysis suggests this [the
translation/copy error] should read*2H 33M 20S*=9200 seconds
In seconds [20+(23x60=1380)+(3600x2)] =8600
In seconds [20+(33x60=1380)+(3600x2)] =9200
TOTAL OF ALL 12 zodiacal signs:
[Linear progression of plus or minus 3+1/3 degrees per Sign;
plus 3+1/3 degrees for all S: S’, S’+6]
[21+2/3+25+28+1/3+31+2/3+35+38+1/3]*2= 180*2 = 360 degrees
Good.
Total of all gaps:
*****6 pairs of Signs with 5 Gaps:
13 M 20S+13M 20S +13M 20S+13M
20S +*3M 20S
5*13M 20S=65M 100S= total of
all correct*/ equal gaps=the spread=
66 +2/3 minutes.
What decimal function is at play
in this sexagesimal work?
A base 15 consideration?
One earth day=360 celestial degrees=24
[hours of 60 minutes] =24*60=1440 minutes=86,400 earth seconds=1080 “Eudoxus
periods” of 80 earth seconds.]
*One fifteenth of 360
celestial degrees = 24 degrees
1440/15 = 96. So a 96 minute period is a consideration [a fifteenth of an earth day].
[15* 66+2/3=1000]
[Six earth hours=21600 earth
seconds = 90 celestial degrees =
270 celestial “Eudoxus periods”
of 80 earth seconds.]
[One earth hour = 3600 earth
seconds = 15 celestial arc degrees =
45 celestial “Eudoxus periods”
of 80 earth seconds.]
[One earth minute = 60 earth
seconds = 1/4 celestial arc degrees = 3/4 of a celestial “Eudoxus period”
of 80 earth seconds.]
[One celestial degree = 4 earth
minutes = 3 celestial “Eudoxus periods” of 80 earth seconds.]
[One “Eudoxus period” of 80 earth
seconds. = 4/3 earth minutes = 1/3 celestial degrees.]]
[15* 66+2/3=1000] consider the appearance of EUDOXUS’s PARAPEGMA; See
p. HIBEH i. 27; use of n/45 is viably related.
60 minutes/45=1+1/3 M=80 seconds
[in geometrical proportion/multiples from equinoxes] so an 80 second period is a consideration
[given the assumption by EUDOXUS
that N=12 hours for each night and day [sunrise to sunset and sunset to sunrise]
at the equinoxes [which are NOT 365.2422/2 days apart!] are offset by multiples
of 1/45 hours [+ N] per day at a maximum of 90/45ths of an hour variance at
the solstices or an assumed exactitude of 10 hours versus 14 hours for these
same periods of the day at the solstices]
Hibeh i 27 is quirkier still at
the epagomenal days.
Tannery
[typo] and Hypsicles [tr. Error by?] are dead.
[tr. Error
by?] = Iacobvm Mentelivm =
Jacob Mentel?
[also dead]
Who can find the lost 20 minutes in
[B_437]?
Who can find the lost 7 degrees in
[B_249]?
Me. Ugh.
Why are mathematical documents filled
with troubles?
Corrected/translated content of page 41 of [B_437].:
ARIES and PISCES: 21 degrees 40m 5200s
TAURUS and AQUARIUS:
25 degrees 6000s
GEMINI and CAPRICORN:
28 degrees 20m 6800s
CANCER and SAGITTARIUS:
31 degrees 40m 7600s
LEO and SCORPIO: 35 degrees 8400s
VIRGO and LIBRA:
38 degrees 20m 9200s
Total of 12 ZODIAC SIGNS:
180 degrees*2 43,200s*2
360 degrees=86,400 seconds=24 hours
See also ABCD: Chaldean
influence; divinations.
[B_389,8.5,NO
KESKINTO,SIBL]
CATNYP# OKA (Tannery, P. Geometrie Grecque)
“La geometrie
grecque, comment son histoire nous est parvenue et ce que nous en savons.
Essai critique par Paul Tannery. 1. ptie. Historie generale de la geometrie
elementaire.” Paris, 1887.
Good stuff: Plutarch;
Euclid; Heron/Hero; Works by George Pachymere
PAPPUS; Pythagore/Pitagorus; Some Pyramidiocy
Plato; Meton; Zenon; Proclus; Aristophane; Aristote/Aristotle
See ZDMG; MATH prior to 1601;
KESKINTO
See also DIOPHANTUS
[B_388,no copy,IGNR,NO KESKINTO,SIBL] CATNYP# *ZV-163
“Pour l’histoire de la science
hellene [microform], par Paul Tannery. De Thales a Empedocle.” Paris, F.
Alcan, 1887.
Information on
the topic of ancient astronomy.
Notes from this site:
http://www.math.unicaen.fr/irem/m2000/biblio.html
biographical data on Paul Tannery’s brother [see “memoires scientifiques”].
Jules TANNERY
(Mantes-sur-Seine, Seine-et-Oise, 24 mars 1848 - Paris, 11 novembre
1910). Mathématicien, professeur
au Lycée Malherbe de Caen. Son frère, Paul TANNERY, est un célèbre
historien des mathématiques.
[B_437,8.5,NO KESKINTO,SIBL] CATNYP# JSC 84-25
“Recherches
sur l’histoire de l’astronomie ancienne”
By Paul Tannery, [Orig.: Paris, 1893.], New York, 1976.
More good stuff:
Homer
Pythagore
Xenophon
Eudoxe/Eudoxus
Discussion of parapegmes; See HIBEH
Meton
Euctemon
Hipparque
PAPPUS
Censorinus
Includes comparisons of the AE annus vagus with the solar year
Includes some considerations on retrograde planetary observations.
Refs the following works:
Euclide: Le livre des Optiques
Euclide: Le livre des Catoptriques
Theodose: Trois livres de Spheriques
Autolycus: De la sphere en mouvement
Euclide: Le livre des Phenomenes
Hypsicles: Des ascensions
Autolycus: Deux livres deslevers et couchers des fixes
Theodose: Des habitations
Theodose: De livres Des jours et des nuits
Aristarque: De la grandeur et des distances da Soleil et de
la Lune
p. 40 STOP Refs this excerpt of Hypsicles:
Bruce – review and clarify.
p. 41
Belier et Poissons 21.2/3 degrees
ou 1H 26M 40S POISSON+PISCES?
In seconds [40+(26x60=1560)+(3600x1)] =5200
Taureau Verseau 25 degrees ou 1H 40M
In seconds [(40x60=2400)+(3600x1)]
=6000
Gemeaux Capricorne 28.1/3 degrees ou
1H 53M 20S
In seconds [20+(53x60=3180)+(3600x1)] =7780
Cancer Sagittare 31.2/3 degrees
ou 2H
6M 40S
In seconds [40+(6x60=360)+(3600x2)]
=7600
Lion Scorpion 35 degrees ou 2H 20M
In seconds [(20x60=1200)+(3600x2)]
=8400
Vierge Balance 38.1/3 degrees
ou 2H 23M 20S
In seconds [20+(23x60=1260)+(3600x2)] =8480
Chaldean influence; divinations.
p. 44-5: Eudoxus (*parapegma of Geminus); Aristotle; Meton;
Euctemon; Leptine; Clepsydra
p. 46-7: Dioptra; Hipparque’s Dioptra; Archimedes (Arenaire;
Sun diameter calculated); Theon de Smyrne; Euclid (Phenomenon); precise measurements
at the Ecliptic.
p. 48-9: Coudee *translate literally=?; Strabo; Vitruvius; See
RA (1886) article by Tannery, “La coudee astronomique et les anciennes divisions
du cercle.” A possible source for a sketched KESKINTO image_NO!.
p. 50-1: Pendulums; Planispheres (see Astronomy); Arachne (device).
p. 66-7: Ganeca divides into 384? Parts; See Arenaire 17 (by
Aristotle) on Hindu division of circle into 1000 parts; Hipparque; Hypsicles;
Heron.
p. 104-5: Pline/Pliny against a flat Earth.
p. 106-7: reference to Friedrich Hultsch’s; “Greichische und
Romische Metrologie.” Berlin, 1881.
p. 108: 1 stade=185 meters; see Herodotus. 1 Parasang=5550 meters
(~3.4 miles) See METROLOGY.
p. 109: AE royal cubit
~ 525 mm.
p. 110-13: Erastosthenes (and others) measure Earth circumference.
~300 BCE see overestimate of Sun and Moon distances by Aristarque de Samos.
p. 114: Earth circumference at 30,690 Km via Cleomede.
p. 116-7: Aristarque; Ecliptic; Erastosthenes; Cleomede; Pliny;
Gnomon.
p. 119: Ptolemy’s “Syntax.” Cylinders and Pendulums.
p. 120: Vitruvius (Dioptra/Alidade) and Astrolabe/Planisphere;
Zodiac and Astrology. Laplace.
p. 137: Strabo; ascensions; Hypsicles; Kronos
p. 156: See analysis chart of equinox/solstice data from: Euctemon;
Eudoxus; Calippe/Callipus; Hipparque/Hipparchus
p. 157: See Ptolemy’s description of Annus Vagus=365.00 days.
See parapegma of Didascalie.
p. 160-1: See table of date conversions in relation to 1461
year AE Sothic cycle. AE epochs.
p. 176: Hipparque; Bithynien; refuting procession of the equinoxes.
p. 250: Epicycles and retrograde movements. See Ptolemy’s chart
on Planetary motion.
p. 290-1: 365 day annus vagus and 354 day lunar year; solstice;
zodiac.
p. 298-9: Eudoxus, Pitagoras; Apis; Memphis (see Serapion);
Plutarque; Strabo; Archytas. Boeckh dates Eudoxus work (acme) in AE to 368
BCE.
Heliopolis across from location of Eudoxus’ measurements.
p. 300: Aristotle’s Metaphysics.
p. 301: Appendix with description of succesful trigonometric
calculations.
p. 324: Pitagoras’ “harmonie des spheres.” Pliny; Censorinus;
Martianus.
p. 325: Music is math; see chart. Varron; Pliny; Censorinus.
p. 326: Stades of different lengths; Metrology. Martiannus Capella
octave=6 notes; Pliny and Censorinus octave=8 notes. See Plato’s allusion to Pitagoras” harmony of spheres
in Republic, book X.
p. 327: See Tannery’s work in Revue Philosophique, August, 1881,
on Platonic Schooling.
p. 340: Reference chart for the greater surviving works of Eudoxus;
Theodose; Menelas; Autolykus; Aristarque; Hypsicles; Archimedes; Ptolemy;
Tsabit ibn Quorrah (de Haran); Les fils de Mousa. Reference to 1388 CE manuscript in Bibliotheque
Nationale.
p. 361: See charts on Geocentric systems.
p. 370: See reference texts; Nasir-Eddin Attusi.
This article noted as an extract of “Memoires de la Societe
des Sciences physiques et naturelles de Bordeaux.” Tome 1, 4th
Series.
TATIAN: (Roman Christian) Scholar
See DIATESSARON
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/
Tatian was a pupil of Justin Martyr and author of the Diatessaron, a harmony
of the four gospels. Tatian composed his apology c. 155-165 CE.
In his later years, after the death of Justin Martyr c. 163 CE, Tatian
is reported to have become an
Encratite. Irenaeus makes mention of this Tatian in Against Heresies 1.28.1.
http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/tatian-address.html
Two revisions of the "Diatesseron" are available:
one in Latin preserved in the "Codex Fuldensis" of the Gospels datin from
about A.D. 545, the other in an Arabic version
found in two manuscripts of a later date. The "Diatesseron" or "Evangelion da Mehallete" (the Gospel of the
mixed) was practically the only gospel text used in Syria during the third
and fourth centuries. Rabbula, Bishop of Edessa (411-435), ordered the priests
and deacons to see that every church should have a copy of the separate Gospels
(Evangelion da Mepharreshe), and Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus (423-457), removed
more than two hundred copies of the "Diatesseron" from the churches
in his diocese. Several other works written Tatian have disappeared. In his
apology (xv) he mentions a work "on animals" and (xvi) one on the
"nature of demons". Another work in refutation of the calumnies
against the Christians (xl) was planned but perhaps never written. He also
wrote a "Book of Problems" (Eus., "Hist. Eccl.", V, 13),
dealing with the difficulties in the Scriptures, and one "On Perfection
according to the Precepts of Our Saviour" (Clem. Alex., "Strom.",
III, 12, 81).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14464b.htm
[TATIAN]
he was born in Assyria and that he was trained in Greek philosophy. While
a young man he
travelled extensively.
[B_565=Y_015,rvw]
SUMMIT# BS2550.T2 K7
“A Greek fragment of Tatian’s Diatessaron,
from Dura; edited with fascimile, …”
London, 1935.
TAURINENSIS: (Greek) papyri
(as per E. G. Turner) P. TOR.=Papyri graeci R. Musei Aegyptii Tauriensis, in:
Mem. R. Accad. Torino,
XXXI, 1826, pp. 9-188, XXXIII, 1827, 1-80, ed. A Peyron.
P.Tor.: Papyri graeci Regii Taurinensis Musei Aegyptii
P.Tor.
1.: (Greek; 323-30 bce; Diospolis Major)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0213
P.Tor.Amen.: L'Archivio di Amenothes figlio di Horos.
Testi demotici e greci relativi ad una famiglia di imbalsamatori del secondo
sec. a.C.
P.Tor.Amen. 6.: (Greek; 119 bce; Thebes)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0211
P.Tor.Choach.: Il Processo di Hermias e altri documenti
dell'archivio dei choachiti
P.Tor.Choach.
2.: (Greek; 118 bce; Thebes?)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0212
TBZAW: publication
TBZAW=Teubinger Beitrage Zur Altertums-Wissenschaft
(Heft 33-35), RBA (Teubinger, 1940-41)
[B_248,8.5,ref]
CATNYP# RBA
(Tuebinger Beitrage Zur AltertumsWissenschaft. Heft 33)
“Der [AL_Eth_Es
LogOS] des Kelsos, von Robert Bader.”
Stuttgart, Berlin,
1940.
References to:
Codex Vaticanus Gr. 386 saec. XIII.
Codex Parisinus Suppl. Gr. 293 saec.
XVI (=Jolianus)
Codex Parisinus Suppl. Gr. 616
a.1339
Codex Venetus Marcianus 45 saec XIV.
Codex Venetus Marcianus 44 saec. XV.
Codex Regius Parisinus Suppl. Gr.
945 saec. XIV
Codex Patmius 270 saec. X.
And others.
With numerous citations to analysis
of the work of Celsus.
See [B_251];
Celsus.
Especially the 1733 work by Delarue.
In which I found the Cubit things I came for.
See also [B_248b] Heft 1. Works of Herodotus.
See also [B_248c] Heft 35. Works of Livy
TEBTUNIS or TEBTYNIS: (Greek, Hieratic) papyri
and ostraca
See Carlsberg; HOMER; ILIAD;
BERKELEY.
(as per B.P. Grenfell,[B_051],HIBEH)
Seek Greek, unpublished Tebtunis P.
from mummy 6 and mummy 107, see Professor Smyly, see TEBT I (corn accounts).
[W_073,rvw] WATSON# 533.6 Os42 Text; F Plates, "Hieratische
Papyri aus Tebtunis I / Jurgen
Osing", Copenhagen, 1998.
http://www.leidenuniv.nl/nino/aeblists/books.html
OSING, Jürgen, The Carlsberg Papyri 2: Hieratische Papyri
aus Tebtunis I. Text und Tafeln,
Copenhagen, The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University
of Copenhagen / Museum Tusculanum Press, 1998 = CNI
Publications, 17.
(Text 26 x 31 cm: 310 p.; Tafeln 42-61 cm: 30 facing pl.). ISBN 87-7289-280-3;
pr. DKK 2375
[W_074,rvw] WATSON# 533.6 T13, "Papyri from Tebtunis in Egyptian and Greek (P.Tebt.
Tait)" by William John Tait, London, 1977.
[W_075,rvw] WATSON# 533.6 Eg9 v41, 42, 23, 2, "The Tebtunis Papyri / edited by Bernard P.
Grenfell, Arthur S. Hunt, and J. Gilbart Smyly. London, 1902.
(as per AEB) The Carlsberg
Papyri 2: Hieratische P. aus Tebtunis
I. Text und Tafeln, Copenhagen, (Niebuhr), 1998, CNI.
(as per E. G. Turner)
See P. Tebt. I from the records of Kerkeosiris ~100 BCE.
See also (Greek) P. Fam. Tebt., A
family archive from Tebtunis
in:
Papyrologica Lugduno-Batava vi, ed.
B.A. van Groningen.
Volume 6, Leiden, 1950.
[B_180b,8.5,IMG,
v. 2] CATNYP# *OBQ+ 73-2731 t. 82,
“Hommages Serge Sauneron, Cairo, 1979.
See volume two, mention of P. Tebt.
I. 44 and 45.
Dated to (113 BCE.)
(as per E. G. Turner) AKA TEBTYNIS
AKA Tell-Umm-el-Breigat.
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/index.html
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/Images/
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/PImages/7028.jpg
http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/APIS/PImages/7009.jpg
O. Tebt. 1: (Greek; AD 201)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0044
O. Tebt. Pad. 1: (Greek; AD 161) at
Padova [University].
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0043
P.Fam.Tebt.: A Family
Archive from Tebtunis
P.Fam.Tebt. 1. Agreement between a Husband and his Wife:
(Greek; AD 90; from TEBTYNIS?)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0109
P.Tebt.: The Tebtunis Papyri
P.Tebt.
1.5. Decrees of Euergetês II: (Greek; 118 bce)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0206
P.Tebt.Tait: Papyri from Tebtunis in Egyptian and Greek
P.Tebt.Tait
46. Table of Consuls: (Greek; AD 159)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0207
P.Tebt.Wall: New Texts in the Economy of Tebtunis
P.Tebt.Wall
1. Loan: (Greek; AD 98-138)
http://perseus.csad.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.05.0208
See ADLER; [B_385=O_016,8.5,IMG]
TEETH/TOOTH: and ancient dentistry and medicine
References to dentistry in extant papyri:
1. The (Akhmim) Stele
of Padikhonsi tells of a 200 BCE tooth extraction.
2. P. Anastasi IV=BM
10249 an AE [~1200 BCE] account of tooth decay,
the “tooth worm”.
(as per EEF; P. Stone; 051002)
[Hesy-ra, dentist to the pharaoh]
Hesy-ra is the Pooh-ba of Egypt (Mikado- Lord High Everything
Else)
in that he is given a large number of titles including dentist.
However, as
far as I am aware, this is the only reference to a dentist in
the known
literature. This is strange when one considers the state of
the jaws and
teeth of most mummies - the abscesses in jaws, the teeth worn
down by
the amount of sand in the diet, etc..
(as per EEF; F. Raffaele; 051002)
For Hesy-re [in Italian] see:
http://members.xoom.it/francescoraf/hesyra/hesyra.html
See also:
J. E. Quibell: Excavations at Saqqara 1911-12: The Tomb of Hesy (1913)
W. Wood: A Reconstruction of the reliefs of Hesy-re in: JARCE
15, 1978, 9-24
F. F. Leek: The Practice of Dentistry in Ancient Egypt in: JEA 53, 1967,
51-8
There's no mummy or coffin of Hesyra.
The only fragments of two skeletons and other bones (maybe one
from a
female) were scattered in the burial chamber (no sarcophagus,
no mummy)
and Quibell left them on one of the stone steps to the burial
chamber.
When he sent his Egyptian man down to pick them up, he was attacked
by a
swarm of fleas before accomplishing the task and Quibell gave
it up and left
them into the tomb (which is now invisible as all the others
of the group)
under the sand of the North Saqqara plateau.
Hesyra's Saqqara mastaba is S2405
see here some plans
http://members.xoom.it/francescoraf/hesyra/Egyptgallery01.html
(last image in the first line and first two images in the fourth
line)
(as per EEF; A. Eyma; 051002)
Whether there really were dentists in AE is a debated matter.
Medicine was since the beginning divided in a specialized body
part
oriented system, and Herodotus II, 84 says that besides physicians for
bellies and physicians for eyes etc there were also physicians
for teeth.
But
whether that Late Period example may be extrapolated to earlier
times
is up for doubt.
The
consensus seems to be that in Pharaonic times, tooth problems
would
only have been treated outwardly, i.e. with potions and spells
and what more (cf p.Ebers), and not with dentistry as we know it
(for the
few uncertain exceptions, see Dr Vishnoi's post).
<snip>the
scarcity of the term dentist (ibH(y)) makes
one sceptical about real intrusive dentistry in pharaonic times,
and even
about a seperate specialism for most of its history. Apparantly
in later
times that changed; see Herodotus and the examples above, and there
seems to exist a Roman period manual for dental surgery
(E. Reymond, “From an Ancient Egyptian Dentist's Handbook: P.
Vindob.
D. 12287”, in: Mélanges Gutbub, 183-199. non vidi).
(as per EEF; J. Quack; 052302)
Actually, there is at least one papyrus
explicitly describing a method
of tooth extraction. It was published by
E. A. Reymond, From an
Ancient Egyptian Dentist´s Handbook.
P. Vindob. D. 12287, in:
Melanges Adolphe Gutbub (montpellier 1984),
p. 183-199; and
briefly mentioned by W. Westendorf, Handbuch
der Altägyptischen
Medizin (Leiden 1999), p. 59. Contrary
to what Westendorf says,
the text is not 3th-4th century AD, but
rather 2nd century AD.
(as per EEF;
T. Benderitter; 012904)
A good reference in French:"Dents et mâchoires dans les représentations
religieuses et la pratiquemédicale de l'Égypte Ancienne"Thierry
BardinetEditrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, Roma 1990
(as per EEF;
A. Derrick; 013004)Another good reference on dental practice and dental examination
of mummies:_Xray Atlas of the Royal Mummies_ James Harris, and Ed Wente.University
of Michigan Press?
(as per EEF;
120904)
* Joel D. Irish, PhD, "A 5,500-Year-Old Artificial Human Tooth
from Egypt: A Historical Note", The International Journal of Oral
& Maxillofacial Implants, September/October 2004, Volume 19,
Issue 5, pp. 645-647; in PDF (74kB):
http://snipurl.com/b6nv
"Archaeological excavations at a Neolithic cemetery near Gebel Ramlah,
Egypt, yielded, among other finds, a life-size shell carving of a human
tooth. ... The present report details the tooth's appearance and
provides several interpretations concerning its function, including the
possibility that it was intended to be a dental
implant."
TEFEROUASET: (AE; Hieratic) papyrus of
