Analysis by Milo Gardner:
The Achmim Wooden Tablets (C.G. 25.367 and C.G. 25.368) |
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LAST MODIFIED: 3/9/05 |
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Middle Kingdom texts exactly computed a hekat, a
unit of grain, written partly in the |
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Horus-Eye system and also partly in the
Hieratic system. The myth of Anubis,
"monitor of |
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the
scales of truth" suggests that this modular arithmetic system may date
to the Old |
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Kingdom, Saqqara. There was a gate** at Saqqara
that metaphorically solved the Horus-Eye |
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balance beam problem. Today this means that
there was a literal scaling of Horus
Eye |
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binary fractions by a substitution process, that
mathematicans may title as parametrics. |
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Modular arithmetic statements of radix
(quotients) and remainders were written out in |
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the Middle Kingdom and later times, following an
exact system that may not have been |
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mathematically altered after its birth. Names
within the exact 1/n divisor system of volume |
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measurement may have changed over 2,000 years or
more of Egyptian history, however, |
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the modular arithmetic that began by replacing
1/64 with 5/320 in the remainder term, did not. |
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Radix 10 (Q) |
Remainder
(R) |
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with ro = 1/320, after 1/64 replaced by 5/320 |
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Q |
5*R |
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(64/64)/n
= |
--------------- |
+ ---------- * ro |
and (5*R)/n being written as exact Egyptian
fractions |
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64 |
n |
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series, as noted below, maybe for the first
time. |
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Historical
Sources: |
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AWT: The Achmim Wooden Tablets |
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(C.G. 25.367 and C.G. 25.368) Two plastered wood
planks inscribed in Hieratic. 12th Dynasty |
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RMP: The Rhind Mathematical
Papyrus |
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(BM 10057 and 10058) Hieratic papyrus originally
connected, now torn in two with small fragments in NY |
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**Gate at
Saqqara: Text reference; gate location |
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Unity
means that 1 = 64/64 in the hekat case |
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remainder divisor |
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Source
& |
hin unit
size |
Hekat |
divisor |
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Horus-Eye |
quasi ro units |
quasi ro units |
remainder units |
was an LCM = (n*320) before the ro factoring |
actual ro units |
Problem # |
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Unity |
(n) |
quotient |
factors |
(Q) |
(R) |
(R) |
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implied |
10 hin |
64/64 |
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64 |
64 |
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1 hekat |
320 |
RMP #81 |
8.75 |
64/64 |
1 1/7 |
56 |
32+ 16 + 8 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
365.7143 |
0.875 |
280 |
RMP #81 |
8.125 |
64/64 |
1 3/13 |
52 |
32+ 16 + 4 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
393.8462 |
0.8125 |
260 |
RMP #81 |
7.8125 |
64/64 |
1 7/25 |
50 |
32+ 16 + 2 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
409.6 |
0.78125 |
250 |
RMP #81 |
7.65625 |
64/64 |
1 15/49 |
49 |
32+ 16 + 1 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
417.9592 |
0.765625 |
245 |
RMP #81 |
7.5 |
64/64 |
1 1/3 |
48 |
32 + 16 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
426.6667 |
0.75 |
240 |
RMP #81 |
6 hin |
64/64 |
1 3/5 |
40 |
32 + 8 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
512 |
2/3 hekat |
200 |
RMP #81 |
5.625 |
64/64 |
1 7/9 |
36 |
32 + 4 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
568.8889 |
0.5625 |
180 |
RMP #81 |
5.3125 |
64/64 |
1 15/17 |
34 |
32 + 2 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
602.3529 |
0.53125 |
170 |
RMP #81 |
5.15625 |
64/64 |
1 31/33 |
33 |
32 + 1 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
620.6061 |
0.515625 |
165 |
RMP #81 |
5 hin |
64/64 |
2 |
32 |
32 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
640 |
0.5 |
160 |
RMP #81 |
5.15625 |
64/64 |
2 2/3 |
24 |
16 + 8 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
853.3333 |
0.515625 |
165 |
AWT #3 |
3 hin |
64/64 |
3 |
21 |
16 + 4 + 1 |
315 |
5 |
1 |
960 |
0.375 |
120 |
RMP #81 |
3.125 |
64/64 |
3 1/5 |
20 |
16 + 4 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
1024 |
0.3125 |
100 |
RMP #81 |
2.8125 |
64/64 |
3 4/9 |
18 |
16 + 2 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
1102.222 |
0.28125 |
90 |
RMP #81 |
2.65625 |
64/64 |
3 13/17 |
17 |
16 + 1 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
1204.706 |
0.265625 |
85 |
RMP #81 |
2 hin |
64/64 |
4 |
16 |
16 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
1280 |
1/4 hekat |
80 |
RMP #81 |
2 hin |
64/64 |
5 |
12 |
12 |
300 |
20 |
4 |
1600 |
1/5 hekat |
64 |
RMP #81 |
1.5 hin |
64/64 |
6 |
10 |
10 |
300 |
20 |
4 |
1920 |
1/6 hekat |
53.33333 |
AWT #7 |
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64/64 |
7 |
9 |
6 + 2 |
315 |
5 |
1 |
2240 |
1/7 hekat |
45.71429 |
RMP #81 |
1.2 hin |
64/64 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
2560 |
1/8 hekat |
40 |
AWT #10 |
1 hin |
64/64 |
10 |
6 |
6 |
300 |
20 |
4 |
3200 |
1/10 hekat |
32 |
AWT #11 |
0.909090909 |
64/64 |
11 |
5 |
4 + 1 |
275 |
45 |
9 |
3520 |
0.090909 |
29.09091 |
RMP #81 |
0.769230769 |
64/64 |
13 |
4 |
4 |
260 |
60 |
12 |
4160 |
0.076923 |
24.61538 |
RMP #81 |
2/3 hin |
64/64 |
15 |
3 |
2 + 1 |
255 |
65 |
13 |
4800 |
0.066667 |
21.33333 |
RMP #81 |
5/8 hin |
64/64 |
16 |
3 |
2 + 1 |
300 |
20 |
4 |
5120 |
0.0625 |
20 |
RMP #81 |
1/2 hin |
64/64 |
20 |
2 |
2 |
230 |
90 |
18 |
6400 |
0.05 |
16 |
RMP #81 |
1/3 hin |
64/64 |
30 |
2 |
2 |
300 |
20 |
4 |
9600 |
0.033333 |
10.66667 |
RMP #81 |
5/16 hin |
64/64 |
32 |
2 |
2 |
310 |
10 |
2 |
10240 |
0.03125 |
10 |
RMP #81 |
1/4 hin |
64/64 |
40 |
1 |
1 |
185 |
135 |
27 |
12800 |
0.025 |
8 |
RMP #81 |
1/6 hin |
64/64 |
60 |
1 |
1 |
205 |
115 |
23 |
19200 |
0.016667 |
5.333333 |
RMP #81 |
9/32 hin |
64/64 |
64 |
1 |
1 |
225 |
95 |
19 |
20480 |
0.015625 |
5 |
RMP #47 |
0.142857143 |
6400/64 |
70 |
91 |
64+16+8+2+1 |
170 |
150 |
30 |
22400 |
0.014286 |
4.571429 |
implied |
0.03125 |
64/320 |
320 |
0 |
0 |
319 |
1 |
1/5 |
102400 |
0.003125 |
1 |
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Visit BLOG website
http://akhmimwoodentablet.blogspot.com for further details: |
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Visit MATHORIGINS.COM for further details: |
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